| Term | Definition |
| Mysticism | a doctrine of a direct, intimate union of the soul with God through contemplation or ecstasy |
| Paganism | faith traditions outside Judaism/Christianity/Islam, encompassing Eastern religions, Native American religions and mythologies |
| Neo-Paganism | a 20th-century revival of nature/fertility worship, including Wicca and other forms of witchcraft |
| Buddhism | an Asian religion holding that the cycle of reincarnation can be ended through enlightenment |
| Taoism | an Asian philosophy advocating simplicity and noninterference with the course of natural events in order to attain balance or harmony |
| Environmentalism | a political philosophy that seeks to live in harmony with the global ecosystem and to protect it from degradation by human activity |
| Socialism | a system of society in which there is limited or no private property and the means of production are owned and controlled by the state |
| Communism | a theory of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to a totalitarian state |
| Capitalism | an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods and competition in a free market |
| Federalism | the distribution of power between a central government and its constituent states |
| Fascism | a political philosophy that exalts nation and/or race above the individual and is headed by a dictatorial leader |
| Neo-Marxism | A late 20th-century political movement which emphasizes the humanism of Marx's early works and emphasizes psychological liberation instead of political revolution |
| Feminism | the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes or the superiority of women |
| Racism | a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities |
| Sexism | prejudice or discrimination based on sex; especially discrimination against women |
| Libertarianism | a political philosophy advocating of the doctrine of free will and individual liberty |
| Pantheism | a doctrine that equates God with the forces and laws of the universe and tolerates the of worship of all gods |