| Term | Definition |
| Additive Identity Property | a + 0 = a, 0 + a = a |
| Multiplicative Identity Property | a*1 = a, 1*a = a |
| Multiplicative Property of Zero | a*0 = 0, 0*a = 0 |
| Multiplicative Inverse Property | a/b * b/a = 1 |
| Reflexive Property of Equality | a = a |
| Symmetric Property of Equality | If a = b, then b = a. |
| Transitive Property of Equality | If a = b and b = c, then a = c. |
| Substitution Property of Equality | If a = b, then a may be replaced by b in any expression. |
| Closure Property | A set is closed under an operation if and only if the operation on two elements of the set produces another element of the set. If an element outside the set is produced, then the operation is not closed. |
| Distributive Property | a(b + c) = ab + bc, a(b - c) = ab - ac |
| Commutative Property | a + b = b + a, ab = ba |
| Associative Property | (a + b) + c = a + (b + c), (ab)c = a(bc) |