The Cell
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Created by:
MrsBBrown on November 29, 2010
Subjects:
Classes:
Biology I, Biology 211, Biology, Ms. 'D', Cell Biology, Biology VGW, Physiology VGW (see more)
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45 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Photosynthesis | The chemical process where plants use the sun's energy to produce sugars (food). |
| Cell Membrane | a thin, phospholipid bilayer, membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell that regulates what enters and exits the cell. |
| Eukaryote | A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. |
| Nucleolus | structure inside the nucleus, where ribosomes are made. |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. |
| Chloroplast | organelle found in some plant cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place. |
| Selective permeability | a process in which a membrane allows some molecules to pass through while keeping others out. |
| Passive Transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy. |
| Autotroph | an organism that makes its own food. |
| Cellular Respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food. |
| Interphase | The stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs; during this stage, the cell grows, copies its DNA, and prepares to divide. |
| Anaphase | The stage of meiosis or mitosis when chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the nuclear spindle (third step). |
| Cell | The basic unit of structure and function in living things. |
| Nucleus | The organelle that contains the DNA and controls the processes of the cell. |
| Organelle | Membrane bound structure inside a cell that performs a specific function. |
| Microtubule | Thin, hollow cylinders made of protein that provide structural support for eukaryotic cells. |
| Golgi Appartus | Organelle that packages and distrubutes molecules produced by the eurokaryotic cell. |
| Mitochondrion | An organelle that is the main site of energy conversion through cellular respiration. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration. |
| Tissue | Group of similar cells that work together to do one job. |
| Heterotroph | Organism that obtains food by eating other organisms. |
| Anaerobic | Process that does not require oxygen. |
| Telophase | The final stage of mitosis or meiosis during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes. |
| Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm during cell division. |
| Cell Theory | States that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, the cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells. |
| Cytoplasm | A jelly-like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended. |
| Chromatin | Long strands of DNA wrapped around proteins. |
| Microfilament | Solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubule, that enables a cell to move or change shape. |
| Lysosome | A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. |
| Concentration | A measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. |
| Facilitated Diffusion | When substances transport across cell membranes using protein carrier molecules. |
| Organ | a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body. |
| Chlorophyll | green pigment in the ch that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis. |
| Aerobic | Process that requires oxygen. |
| Prophase | The first phase of mitosis. During prophase the replicated chromosomes condense, the spindle is formed, and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vessicles. |
| Cell Wall | Strong outermost layer around the cell membrane of ONLY plants and some bacteria. |
| Prokaryote | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
| Chromosome | A coiled structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material. |
| Ribosome | A tiny structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made. |
| Vacuole | A water-filled sac inside a cell that acts as a storage area. |
| Diffusion | Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
| Active Transport | The movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy. |
| Organ System | A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions. |
| Mitosis | The process of cell division in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei. |
| Metaphase | The stage of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator. |
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