Nervous System (Bio101)
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Functions of Nervous System | 1. Receive Sensory Information 2. Integrative processing of sensory to motor information 3. Sending motor information to effectors |
| Motor Division (Efferent Division) | Responsible for sending signals from the CNS to effectors such as muscles to tell them what to do |
| Sensory Division (Afferent Division) | Responsible to detecting stimuli and bringing that information to the CNS. |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain and spinal cord |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Cranial and spinal nerves |
| Astrocytes | Glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood brain barrier |
| Microglia | Glial cells responsible for phagocytosis in the CNS |
| Oligodenrocytes | Glial cells responsible for producing myelin in the CNS |
| Schwann Cells | Glial cells responsible for producing myelin in the PNS |
| Neuron | Nerve cells responsible for processing information |
| Interneuron | Only found in the CNS, that integrade sensory and motor information |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemical messages released from synaptic ternimals.knobs |
| Calcium | The ion needed to initiate the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft |
| Reflex Arc | Receptor --> sensory neuron --> interneuron --> motor neuron --> effector |
| Medulla oblongota | Part of the brain that contains the major centers for autonomic control of breathing, blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion |
| Occipital Lobe | Location of the visual cortex of the brain |
| Frontal Lobe | Location of motor cortext and somatic motor association |
| Broca's Area | Motor speech area. If damaged, cannot form words, only sounds |
| Cerebrum | Area of the brain with the highest levels of information processing |
| Cerebellum | Area of the brain concerned with balance |
| Left Hemisphere | Controls functions associated with reading, writing, math etc. If a person had a stroke on the left frontal lobe for example, they would potentially lose use of their right arm. |
| Amnesia | Loss of memory from disease or trauma |
| Cranial Nerves | 12 pairs |
| Peripheral Nerves | 31 pairs |
| Facial Nerve | Controls muscles of facial expression |
| Vagus Nerve | Important nerve associate with the diaphragm, and viceral organs. Damage to this nerve can result in death |
| Withdrawl Reflex | Pulling away from a painful stimulus example: touching a hot stove |
| Face | Most sensitive area in the body |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Controls involuntary structures such as the visceral organs. Helps maintain homeostasis |
| Somatic Nervouse System | Under concious control. Controling the skeletal muscles |
| Sympathetic Division | Division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for activity and stress. "Fight or Flight" |
| Parasympathetic Division | Division of the autonomic nervous system that slows the body down. "Rest and Digest" functions |
| Sympathetic effects | Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles, reduced circulation to the skin, dilation of pupils, and increase sweating |
| Parasympathetic effects | Decrease heart rate, blood vessels to the skin constrict, increase level of digestive system activity, pupils constrict |
| Steps of Action Potential | 1. A grade depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold. 2. Sodium channel activation occurs 3. Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs 4. Sodium channels are inactivated 5. Potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell, initiating repolarization 6. Sodium channels regain their normal properties 7. A temporary hyperpolarization occurs |
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