Endocrinology
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acromegaly | enlargement of the extremities |
| adenohypophysis | anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| Addison's Disease | Addison's disease is also known as hypoadrenocorticism. It is a disease that results from a decrease in corticosteroid secretion from the adrenal gland. |
| adrenocorticotropin | a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex |
| aldosterone | a corticosteroid hormone that is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| calcitonin | thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone |
| catecholamine | any of a group of chemicals including epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland |
| Cretinism | severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental stunting |
| Cushing's Disease | Cushing's disease is also known as hyperadrenocorticism. It is a disease that results from an increase in corticosteroid secretion from the adrenal gland. |
| Diabetes insipidus | a rare form of diabetes resulting from a deficiency of vasopressin (the pituitary hormone that regulates the kidneys) |
| Diabetes Mellitus | diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria |
| electrolyte | a solution that conducts electricity |
| Exophthalmos | protrusion of the eyeball from the socket |
| glucocorticoid | a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals |
| glycemia | glucose in the blood |
| Glycosuria | the presence of abnormally high levels of sugar in the urine |
| Goiter | abnormally enlarged thyroid gland |
| Glucose Tolerance Test | test of the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates |
| Hirsutism | Excessive hair growth |
| homeostasis | metabolic equilibrium actively maintained by several complex biological mechanisms that operate via the autonomic nervous system to offset disrupting changes |
| hyperglycemia | abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes |
| hypocalcemic tetany | Intermittent tonic muscular spasms caused by a low concentration of calcium in the blood. |
| hypokalemia | abnormally low level of potassium in the circulating blood leading to weakness and heart abnormalities |
| hyponatremia | abnormally low level of sodium in the blood |
| hypothalamus | a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system |
| Insulin Dependent Diabetes | a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by a total lack of insulin. Occurs when the body's immune system attacks the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. |
| Ketoacidosis | presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation |
| Myxedema | hypothyroidism marked by dry skin and swellings around lips and nose as well as mental deterioration |
| Non insulin dependent diabetes | a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by either a lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently. |
| diabetes | A condition of abnormal use of glucose, usually caused by too little insulin or lack of response to insulin. |
| oxytocin | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitocin) |
| pancreatectomy | surgical removal of part or all of the pancreas |
| parathyroidectomy | removal of the parathyroid gland |
| pheochromocytoma | a vascular tumor of the adrenal gland |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction) |
| polyuria | renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine |
| progesterone | a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary |
| radioimmunoassay | immunoassay of a substance that has been radioactively labeled |
| tetraiodothyronine | Also called T4(thyroxine), this hormone is produced in the thyroid gland and increases the metabolic rate. |
| tetany | clinical neurological syndrome characterized by muscular twitching and cramps and (when severe) seizures |
| thyroid carcinoma | usually refers to any of four kinds of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland: papillary, follicular, medullary or anaplastic. Papillary and follicular tumors are the most common. They grow slowly and may recur, but are generally not fatal in patients under 45 years of age. Medullary tumors have a good prognosis if restricted to the thyroid gland and a poorer prognosis if metastasis occurs. Anaplastic tumors are fast-growing and respond poorly to therapy. |
| thyroid scan | test in which a radioactive iodine is administrated that localizes in the thyroid gland. the gland can then be visualized with a scanning device to detect pathology such as tumors |
| thyrotoxicosis | an overactive thyroid gland |
| vasopressin | hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus |
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