1.
500 ad: Around ____ (BC/AD), Alexander first described the pump-like function of the heart.
2.
500 bc: In the year ____ (BC/AD), Aristotle establishes an early scientific mindset and is the founder of comparative anatomy.
3.
1500 ad: Around ____ (BC/AD), Ambroise Pare was gaining notoriety as one of the greatest surgeons of his time while Andreas Vesalius was becoming known as the father of modern anatomy.
4.
1800 ad: Scientist Edward Jenner, around the year ____ (BC/AD) created the vaccination for smallpox.
5.
1850 ad: Around the year ____ (BC/AD), Louis Pasteur was developing a deeper understanding of the causes and prevention of diseases while Sir Joseph Lister was perfecting the antiseptic surgery technique.
6.
1900 ad: Around ____ (BC/AD), American physician, Dr. Harvey Cushing, was making medical breakthroughs in the field of neurosurgery, while Swiss physician, Dr. Emil Theodor Kocher, was gaining a better understanding of the structure, function and pathology of the thyroid.
7.
1950 ad: Drs. Denton Cooley and Michael DeBakey were fueling their professional rivalry in the area of cardiac surgery around the year ____ (BC/AD).
8.
alexander: The pump-like function of the heart was described by ____ around 500 A.D.
9.
aristotle: In 500 B.C., ____ established an early "scientific" mindset; founder of comparative anatomy.
10.
celsus: At the time of Christs' birth, ____ began to describe the signs of inflammation.
11.
cooley: Dr. Denton ____, best known for performing the first U.S. heart transplant and the first total artificial heart implant in the world, also perfected the heart-lung machine.
12.
cushing: American physician Dr. Harvey ____ is widely known as the father of neurosurgery. His work with meningiomas incredibly reduced the mortality rate from 96% to 5%.
13.
debakey: Dr. Michael ____, an extraordinary Lebanese-American heart surgeon, invented the "roller pump" at the age of 23-years-old while still in medical school. The significance of this brilliant invention would not become realized until 20 years later when it became an essential component of the heart-lung machine.
14.
galen: Considered the first great anatomist, ____ of Pergamon labored under the "biology made to serve theology" model. This controlled thought remained unchallenged for 1,500 years.
15.
jenner: English scientist Edward ____ gained his fame from having created the vaccination for smallpox.
16.
kocher: In the early 1900's, Swiss physician Dr. Emil Theodor ____ earned a Nobel Laureate for his research of the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the thyroid.
17.
lister: British baron and surgeon Sir Joseph ____ pioneered the technique of antiseptic surgery by using carbolic acid (or phenol) to sterilize surgical instruments and clean wounds.
18.
pare: Ambroise ____, considered one of the greatest surgeons of the 16th century, began to ligate arteries after amputation. Additionally, he stopped cauterizing wounds with hot irons and oil, instead using a solution of egg yolk, oil of roses and turpentine.
19.
pasteur: French chemist and microbiologist Louis ____ is considered by many the father of microbiology, virology and immunology.
20.
vesalius: Andreas ____, considered the father of modern anatomy, challenged Galen of Pergamon openly in regards to the latter's assertion that "biology made to serve theology". The former performed dissections on human cadavers while illustrators kept permanent record of the findings.
