| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Nominal Data | Categories Only, Data cannot be arranged. gender,race, religion |
| Ordinal Data | Categories are ordered but difference cannot be determined. 1st, 2nd, 3rd |
| Interval Data | Differences between values can be found, but is NO absolute ZERO. Temperature F, time |
| Ratio Data | Interval data with an absolute Zero. length, width, distance, K |
| Statistics | A collecting method for planning, obtaining, and organizing. |
| Data Set | A set of measurements obtained. |
| Population | complete collection of all elements. |
| Sample | a sub-collection of elements |
| Random Sampling | a random sampling from a population. |
| Stratified Sampling | the population is divided into 2 or more subpopulations, and a random sample is drawn from each group. |
| Systematic Sampling | Chose a starting point and then select every N'th elements. |
| Cluster Sampling | divide the group into clusters and then select some random clusters. |
| Convenience Sampling | uses data that is already available. |
| Descriptive Statistics | Describe the population is the goal. |
| Characteristics of Data | Nature and shape, central tendency, and measure of dispersion. |
| Quartiles | 4 equal parts. |
| Percentiles | 100 equal parts. |
| Deciles | 10 equal parts. |
| Median | Middle |
| Interquartile Range | Q3-Q1 |
| Box Plot | provides the quartiles and other information about the distribution of the data set. |
| Variation | Range, Variance, Standard deviation |
| Outliers | values that lie far away from the majority values. |
| Class Frequency | the number of observations in each category |
| Relative Frquency | the relationship between a class total and the total number of observations. |
| Bar Chart | class on the horizontal axis and the class frequency on the vertical axis. |
| Pie Chart | Shows the proportion or the percentile that each class represents. |
| Contingency Table | a two-way frequency tables, a cross-tabulation table that summarizes two variables of interest and their relationship. |
| Permutation | order matters. |
| Combination | order DOES NOT matter. |
| Probability | A numerical statement about the likelihood that an events will occur. |
| Fundamental Concepts of Probability | the probability of any event occurring is between 0 and 1 inclusive. and the sum of the sampling must equal 1. |
| Probability Distribution | a list of data values and their associated probabilities. |
| Subjective Probability | Based on past experience and feelings. |
| Objective Probability | Based on relative frequency or Logic |
| Collectively Exhaustive | the list of outcomes includes Every possible outcome. |
| Mutually Exclusive | only one of the events can occur on any one trial. |
| Marginal Probability | The probability of a single event occurring. |
| Joint Probability | The probability of two or more events occuring together one right after another. |
| Conditional Probability (Bayes Theorem) | The probability of one event given that another event has occurred. |
| Independent Events | When one events does NOT influence the outcome of the other event. |
| Dependent Events | When one events does influence the outcome of the other event. |
| Sampling with replacement | you DO return |
| Sampling with out replacement | you DO NOT return. |
| Random Variables | It assigns a real number to the experimental outcome. two types; discrete and continuous |
| Discrete | can only assume a finite or limited set of values. |
| Continuous | can only assume an infinite set of values. |
| Central Tendency | expected value, average of the discrete distribution. |
| Variance | spread or dispersion of the data about the mean. |
| Binomial Distribution | success or failure; fixed number of trials; probability of S or F stay the same for each trial; and the trials are independent. |
| Continuous Distribution | results from measuring something such as distance, weight, amount of anything else. |
| Normal Probability Distribution | has two parameters; population mean=u; population standard deviation=o |
| Standard Normal Distribution | to trasform the values of a random variable "X" to a SN random variable "Z" with u=0 and o=1 |
| Continuity Correction Factor | subtract or add .5, depending on the question. |
Combine with other sets
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