Flashcards: 20 Industrial Revolution
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Created by:
HistoryofCrawford on December 1, 2010
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Census | A count of the population. Began in Britain in 1801. |
| The Great Hunger | Also known as the Irish Potato Famine. Blight forced 2 million to emigrate and killed 2 million. |
| National Board of Health | As a result of the Public Health Act of 1848, this group formed local boards to establish modern sanitary systems in Britain. |
| Joint-stock investment banks | Created to utilize the collective savings of thousands of people to provide capital. |
| Samuel Slater | Established the first American textile factory by memorizing British plans. |
| Chartism | From 1838-1848, the attempt to gain a political democracy in Britain. Important because it organized common people. |
| Unions | Groups of workers who working together to improve working conditions & gain additional benefits. |
| Edwin Chadwick (d. 1890) | His social research on the need for sanitation led to the passage of the Public Health Act. |
| Factory Acts | Laws passed from 1819-1840s that limited hours and guarded conditions in factories. |
| Ten Hours Act (1847) | Limited workday for children to ten hours. Notable because it included women in its protections. |
| Consumption | Lung diseases. Especially common among miners and cotton workers. |
| Coal Mines Act (1842) | No children or women working in the mines. |
| Pauper apprentices | Orphans or abandoned children who were forced to work long hours with inadequate food. Many were deformed. |
| Combination Acts | Passed in 1799 & 1800, these laws outlawed unions to avoid a worker revolution. |
| Industrial Revolution | Period from 1750 to 1850 that led to widespread railroads & factory production. |
| American system | Reduced costs and saved labor by using interchangeable parts. |
| James Watt (d. 1819) | Scottish engineer who invented the first true steam engine and developed the first steam engine capable of driving machinery. |
| Luddites | Skilled Midlands craftsmen who attacked industrial machines in 1812. |
| Crystal Palace | Symbol of British industrial domination and humanity's dominion over nature. Built for the Great Exhibition of 1851. |
| Great Exhibition of 1851 | The world's first industrial fair, organized as a symbol of British industrial domination. |
| Credit Mobilier | The first joint-stock investment bank. |