Flashcards: 21 Romanticism
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Created by:
HistoryofCrawford on December 1, 2010
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nationalism | The ideology where the nation becomes the primary recipient of an individual's primary political loyalty. |
| Intervention | The idea, from the Concert of Europe, that one country had the right to invade another to protect the crown. |
| Utopian socialism | The idea that human cooperation yields better results than competition. |
| Legitimacy | The Congress of Vienna's goal to restore legitimate monarchs who would preserve traditional institutions. |
| Liberalism | The belief that people should be as free from restraint as possible. Malthus & Ricardo. |
| John Stuart Mill | Utilitarian supporter of women's rights. Argued that differences between male & female were results of social, rather than biological, causes. |
| Nicholas I (d. 1855) | Russian tsar who became a reactionary after the Decembrist Revolt. Called the "Policeman of Europe" because he supported intervention. |
| Conservatism | Predominant ideology from 1815-1830. Believed in obedience to political authority, the importance of organized religion, and the need for order. |
| Edmund Burke (d. 1797) | Philosopher & creator of conservative movement. Argued that society is a contract between all generations and the government. |
| July Revolution | Parisian revolt that deposed Charles X in favor of Louis Philippe. |
| Concert of Europe | Made up of major European powers, this group was responsible for enforcing the principle of intervention (which caused its dissolution). |
| Romantic Period | Lasting from 1820-1900, this period tried to balance the use of reason by focusing on intuition, feeling, emotion, and imagination. |
| Carbonari | Italian for "charcoal burners." Secret nationalist societies that plotted revolution for an independent unified Italian state. |
| Congress of Vienna | Group set up by Napoleon's major enemies to enforce legitimacy and ensure peace. |
| Young Italy | Group created by Giuseppe Mazzini (d. 1872), dedicated to the creation of a united Italian republic. |
| Burschenschaften | German student groups dedicated to a free, united Germany. Closed by the Karlsbad Decrees of 1819. |
| Charles X (d. 1830) | French King who sided with aristocrats and encouraged an increase in Catholic control. Led France to revolution when he issued July Ordinances of 1830. |
| Iron law of wages | David Ricardo's (d. 1823) idea that raising wages would perpetuate a cycle of misery and starvation. |
| Frankfurt Assembly | Claimed to be the government for all of Germany. Disbanded when Frederick William IV of Prussia refused to rule a united Germany. |
| Louis Philippe (d. 1848) | Called the bourgeois monarch because of his dress and policies that favored the upper middle class. |
| Simon Bolivar (d. 1830) | Called "the Liberator," he is largely responsible for the independence of Latin America. |
| Tories | British political party. Dominated government until 1830. Preferred to enforce the status quo. |
| Whigs | British political party of the new industrial middle class. Advocated change. |
| Joseph de Maistre (d. 1821) | Creator of authoritarian conservatism. Argued for the reinstatement of divinely-sanctioned hereditary monarchs to preserve order in society. |
| Klemens von Metternich | Austrian foreign minister, leader of the Congress of Vienna and key player in the Concert of Europe. |
| Thomas Malthus | Argued that the population would outstrip the food supply, resulting in misery, poverty, & starvation. This was a natural process and should be left alone. |
| Monroe Doctrine | American rule that separated Latin America from European intervention. Enforced by the British. |
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