Civics Vocabulary (8th Grade)
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Created by:
funkystudios on December 2, 2010
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Description:
Recommended vocab for 8th grade Civics students.
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 anarchy | no laws |
| state of nature | basis of natural rights philosophy |
| consent of the governed | the agreement by the people to obey laws and the government they create |
| poplar sovereignty | people rule a government. |
| natural rights | the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property |
| social compact | an agreement among the people to set up a government and obey it's laws. |
| John Locke | well known philosopher. He believed it was goverenments job to protect the rights of its citizens. |
| Montesquieu | European Philosopher. Influences founders thinking of seperation of powers and checks & balances. |
| Article of Confederation | the first government of the U.S. ratified in 1781. Put much of the power with the state governments (including the power to tax and regulate trade), this left the national government weak and unable to raise money to pay back war debts |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers. |
| Elastic Clause | the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers. |
| Supreme Law of the Land | the constitution |
| Reserved Powers | powers set aside by the constitution for the states or for the people |
| Judicial Review | the right of the supreme court to determine if a law violates the constitution |
| Concurrent power | powers given to both national and state governments |
| Federalism | a system in which power is divided between the national and state governments |
| Enumerated powers | The powers explicitly given to the government in the Constitution. |
| ratify | approval by formal vote |
| reject | to not accept |
| due process of law | fair treatment under the law |
| precedent | an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time |
| conciliation court | small claims court. Up to $15000 |
| probable cause | the reason for an arrest based on the knowledge of a crime and the available evidence |
| criminal court | handles felony and misdemeanor cases |
| civil law | Body of law dealing with private rights of individuals |
| juvenile court | a court that hears cases of young people 18 and under |
| preponderance of evidence | the prosecutions job to prove you're guilty |
| electoral college | the body of electors who formally elect the United States president and vice-president |
| district court | lower federal courts where trials are held and lawsuits are begun |
| court of appeals | federal courts that review decisions appealed by district courts |
| republic | the supreme power is in the people |
| representative democracy | a form of government in which the people elect representatives to carry on the work of government for them |
| tyranny of the majority | one group governs and controls congressional votes |
| conference committee | three members from each chamber who work to resolve differences in a bill passed by both chambers |
| committee of the whole | a device in which a legislative body is considered one large committee and all members of the legislative body are members of such a committee |
| standing committee | permanent congressional committee that meets regularly |
| cabinet meeting | a meeting with the president and his advisors |
| lobbyist | someone who tries to persuade legislators to vote for bills that the lobbyists favor |
| city council | legislative body where the major is the city's executive |
| limited government | a form of government in which the powers are carefully spelled out so the gov. won't be to powerful |
| justice | fair treatment according to law; a judge on the supreme court |
| duties | requirements by citizens of America (US) |
| responsibilities | things recommended for US citizens to do |
| rule of law | principle that both the governed and those who govern must obey the law and subject to some laws |
| separation of powers | division in powers in the government. National and State |
| Checks and Balances | a system to check on each branch of government in the US |
| full faith and credit | the provision in the US constitution ensuring each state will accept decisions of civil courts in other states |
| equality | everyone has same rights, responsibilities, duties, and powers. |
| liberty | go beyond normal limits |
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