1.
1. Three sodium ions bind to the pump. A Phosphate from ATP also binds which transfers energy.
2. The pump changes shape, releasing the three sodium ions on the other side of the membrane.
3. Two potassium ions bind to the pump and are transported across the cell membrane.
4. The phosphate group is released. The pump returns to its original shape, releasing the two potassium ions.: How does the Sodium-Potassium Pump work?
2.
A Protein that binds to a specific substance on one side of the cell membrane, the protein changes shape as the substance is moved across the membrane and is released on the other side.: What is a Carrier Protein?
3.
a state that exists when the concentration of the substance is the same throughout the space.: Equilibrium
4.
By removing solutes from the cytoplasm.: How do our cells keep from swelling and bursting when exposed to hypotonic solutions?
5.
carrier proteins in the cell membrane that use energy to pump/push substances against the concentration gradient.: What is a membrane pump?
6.
Channel Proteins that only water molecules can pass through by the process of osmosis.: What are Water Channels?
7.
cytoplasm of the cell gains water and the cell swells.: What happens during Cytolysis?
8.
Cytoplasm of the cell loses water and the cell shrinks.: What happens during Plasmolysis?
9.
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. It's Passive Transport. It allows cells to maintain water balance as their environment changes.: What is Osmosis?
10.
equal or same: Iso
11.
higher or many.: Hyper
12.
higher water concentration inside the cell than outside.: hypertonic solution
13.
Higher water concentration outside the cell than inside. (lower solute concentration than the cytoplasm.): hypertonic solution
14.
Humans should avoid drinking sea water and sugary soft drinks because your cells will be in a hypertonic solution. Your cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur.: Why should humans avoid drinking sea water and sugary soft drinks?
15.
lower: hypo
16.
membrane bound sacs which carry substances. Membrane is made of proteins and phospholipids.: Vesicles
17.
Proteins that serve as tunnels through the lipid bilayer. Each channel allows only the diffusion of specific substances that have the right size and charge.: What are Channel Proteins?
18.
Same water concentration inside and outside the cell. (same solute concentration that the cytoplasm has.): isotonic solution
19.
Small, nonpolar molecules can pass directly through the lipid bilayer: Diffusion
20.
The amount of a particular substance in a given volume.: Concentration
21.
The cell is required to use energy to move a substance across the cell membrane. Movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration. Molecules move against the concentration gradient.: Active Transport
22.
The cell wouldn't have energy for the process of active transport.: If a cell wasn't able to make ATP energy, how would the cell membrane's transport processes be affected?
23.
The cells do not use energy to move a substance across the cell membrane. Movement of molecules from higher concentration to low concentration.: Passive Transport
24.
The movement of molecules out of a cell by a vesicle.: Exocytosis
25.
The process by which cells surround and engulf substances.: Endocytosis
26.
The rigid cell wall of plants and fungi.: What keeps plant cells from bursting when placed in a hypotonic solution?
27.
Transport Proteins help ions and polar molecules that do not diffuse easily through the nopolar lipid bilayer.: Facilitated Diffusion
28.
Unicellular Protists get rid of excess water when they're in a hypotonic solution by using contractile vacuoles.: How do some unicellular protists get rid of excess water when they're in a hypotonic solution?
29.
Water Channels help to regulate the body temperature, in digestion, in reproduction, and in water conservation in the kidneys.: How do water channels help cells; what types of molecules can pass through water channels?
30.
Water will move into the cell and the cell will swell.: If a cell is placed into a hypotonic solution, what will happen to it?
31.
Water will move out of the cell and the cell will shrinks.: If a cell is placed into a hypertonic solution, what will happen to it?
32.
When one area has a higher concentration than another area.: Concentration Gradient
