Unit 6: Learning
About this set
Created by:
taylorrochellechestnutt on December 5, 2010
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 learning | a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience. |
| associative learning | learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning) |
| classical learning | a type of learning in which one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events (Pavlov) |
| behaviorism | View that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes. |
| unconditioned response (ur) | a natural response that requires no training |
| conditioned response (cr) | a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous conditioning |
| unconditioned stimulus (us) | a stimulus that naturally, automatically brings up a response |
| conditioned stimulus (cs) | a previously neutral stimulus that has through conditioning, acquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response. |
| acquistion | In classical conditioning, the intial stage, when we link a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. (In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response.) |
| extinction | in classical conditioning, the process of eliminating the previously acquired association of the conditioned stimulus and conditioned response |
| spontaneous recovery | the tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period |
| generalization | the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses. (Myers Psychology 8e p. 320) |
| discrimination | in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus. |
| operant conditioning | learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in occurrence |
| shaping | A method of gradually refining a response by successively reinforcing closer approximations |
| positive reinforcement | increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response. |
| negative reinforcement | The strengthening of a response because it is followed by the removal of an aversive (unpleasant) stimulus. |
| primary reinforce | A reinforcer that meets our basic needs such as food, water, sleep, or love. |
| secondary reinforce | stimulus that becomes rewarding through its link with a primary reinforcement (starbucks) |
| fixed ratio schedule | pattern in which we provide reinforcement following a regular number of responses |
| fixed ration schedule | In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of times |
| variable interval schedule | A schedule in which reinforcement is presented after a changing amount of time. |
| punishment | can be either positive or negative, intended to reduce the occurrence of a behavior |
| intrinsic behavior | ... |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.