| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Pol alpha | aka primase; RNA primer synthesis, DNA synthesis from RNA primer |
| Pol beta | Base excision repair; removes deoxyribose and inserts missing nucleotide |
| Pol gamma | mitochondrial DNA replication |
| Pol delta | leading and lagging strand synthesis; has proofreading exonuclease activity |
| Pol epsilon | nucleotide excision repair; leading strand synthesis |
| Pol eta | translesion synthesis past cyclobutane thymine dimers; somatic hypermutation |
| Pol lambda | translesion synthesis; nonhomologous end-joining (fills in gaps) |
| Pol mu | translesion synthesis; somatic hypermutation; nonhomologous end-joining (fills in gaps) |
| RNAse H | cleaves RNA primer leaving ssDNA during replication |
| DNA ligase | joins 3' end of new DNA fragment to 5' end of previous using ATP |
| DNA helicase | opens up DNA double helix in front of replication fork |
| SSB | single-stranded DNA-binding protein; binds to unwound DNA strands during replication; aka RPA (replication protein A) in humans; prevents formation of short hairpin helices |
| Sliding clamp | two subunits that form closed ring around DNA, increasing processivity of DNA polymerase; aka PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) in humans |
| Topoisomerase I | makes single strand nicks in DNA to relieve tension in twisted DNA |
| Topoisomerase II | makes double strand breaks in DNA, passes one strand through another, and then rejoins the break |
| MutS | binds base pair mismatches and insertion/deletion mismatches |
| MutL | scans nearby DNA for a nick, and triggers degradation of the strand all the way back to mismatch |
| MutH | only in E.coli; endonuclease nicks unmethylated side of DNA after error |
| Telomerase | elongates terminal end of chromosome in 5' to 3' direction based on RNA template; reverse transcriptase |
| RAD51 | loads with BRCA2 to allow ssDNA to attack sister chromatid in strand exchange |
| BRCA2 | increases loading efficiency of RAD51 prior to strand exchange; mutation causes familial breast and ovarian cancer |
| Integrase | cleaves off long terminal repeats at ends of retroviral DNA leaving protruding 3' OH groups which can then attack host DNA |
| RAG1/RAG2 | expressed only in lymphoid cells; cleave DNA adjacent to RSS-12 and RSS-23 sites to produce double-strand breaks in V(D)J recombination |
| Ku | binds to ends of DNA, preventing exonuclease degradation, during NHEJ |
| DNA-PKcs | recruited by Ku; two copies bind to Ku and DNA ends, bringing 2 ends together; autophosphorylates and then releases ends to allow next step in NHEJ pathway |
| XRCC4/Ligase IV | DNA ligase; performs ligation directly in NHEJ OR ligates one of two strands of mismatched ends |
| Artemis | exo/endo-nuclease; removes residual flaps of DNA in NHEJ before ligation |
| Cernunnos | aligns mismatched ends in NHEJ so that Ligase IV can do its job |
| 06MGMT | direct repair enzyme; transfer methyl group from lesion (phosphate group or guanine) to self |
| photolyase | direct repair enzyme; repairs cyclobutane dimers created by UV radiation; not present in humans |
| DNA glycosylase | base excision repair enzyme; flips base out and if it's damaged, hydrolyzes N-glycosyl bond between base & deoxyribose |
| AP endonuclease | base excision repair enzyme; "apurinic/apyrimidic"= "AP"; nicks phosphodiester bond 5' to the AP site, leaving 3' OH group |
| DDB1/DDB2 | nucleotide excision repair protein; recognizes distortion in helix and binds to damaged site |
| XPC/hHR23B | confirms lesion is ready for nucleotide excision repair |
| XPA/RPA | nucleotide excision repair protein; orients other proteins properly with respect to lesion |
| TFIIH | helicase used in nucleotide excision repair; unwinds DNA around lesion and after nicking by other enzymes removes damaged nucleotides |
| XPF/ERRC1 | nuclease used in nucleotide excision repair; nicks damaged DNA strand 5' to lesion |
| XPG | nuclease used in nucleotide excision repair; nicks damaged DNA strand 3' to lesion |
| MutM | glycoslyase that directly removes elusive GO lesion, facilitating BER |
| MutY | glycosylase that removes A from GO lesion, allowing for C replacement and another opportunity for MutM to facilitate BER |
Combine with other sets
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