Soc Final
Order by
63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Linda Hughes | 1980- myths and stereotypes of nurses in print; myth of "born nurse", emphasis on personality, nursing as "road to marriage" |
| biomedical model | health is absence of disease |
| health | state of complete physical, mental, and emotional well-being; not merely the absence of disease or infirmity |
| primary health prevention | measures taken to keep healthy persons well and reduce the risk of illness (immunization) |
| secondary health prevention | activities directed at early detection of illness and it's complications, to improve the likelihood of cure or easy management (screenings) |
| tertiary health prevention | activities directed at maintaining the best possible state of health once a disease or illness has already developed in order to prevent worsening (exercise for pt with heart disease) |
| indemnity insurance | retrospective fee for service; doctor's office bills insurance company |
| defensive medicine | doctor orders tests to prevent getting in trouble |
| Medicare | entitlement program; must be 65 |
| Medicaid | welfare program; can't be more than 133% of the poverty line; 42 million people in America |
| prospective payment | payment determined before care is actually provided; 1st attempt at cost control |
| diagnosis-related groups | DRG's; hospitals paid a "flat fee" based on a unique numerical code assigned to 400+ identified medical diagnoses. Fee stays the same without regard to length of time pt is assigned that DRG/is hospitalized for that diagnosis; purpose is to provide an incentive to hospitals and physicians to reduce cost/length of hospital stay |
| managed care | use of financial incentives and management controls to control the cost of care |
| capitation | method of paying health care service providers; ex- business insures 10 employees at $100 per month x 12 months=$12,000 paid to HMO up front |
| HMO | health maintenance organizations; group health care practices that provide services to a voluntary enrolled population who prepay a fixed monthly premium and in return have health care needs met |
| PPO | preferred provider organization; networks of providers who receive retrospective payment but discount their fees; ex- pay every time you see doctor with gatekeeper concept to control cost |
| deductibles | total annual out-of-pocket expenses to the patient before insurance will cover the remaining costs; purpose is to discourage pt from seeking unnecessary care |
| co-payment | flat, fixed rate paid by insured person each time medical service is rendered; purpose is to discourage pt from seeking unnecessary care |
| coinsurance | percentage of the cost insured person pays after insurance policy's deductible is exceeded |
| POS | point-of-service; higher co-pay for out-of-network care |
| preauthorization | advance approval from insurer before care is rendered |
| ethics | values and morals; what a person's conduct should be; "should" and "may" |
| law | concentrates on rules of conduct that are enforced by society ("police power"); "must" and "shall" |
| statutory law | rules passed by legislature; ex- Nurse Practice Acts |
| administrative law | body of law that governs administrative agencies of government; ex- agencies of executive branch, within the limits of laws that define their mission, can make rules/regulations which have the force of law |
| common law | decisions by previous courts; "stare decisis"- "let the decision stand"; derived from traditional usage/custom and precedent |
| criminal law | published, written standards; expert witness; punishment can include fines and imprisonment |
| crime | conduct so offensive that it is considered to be an act against all of society; "minor"=misdemeanor, "major"=felony |
| civil law | deals with disputes between individuals; ex- nonpayment of debts. unintentional property damage, failure to fulfill terms of a contract; monetary damages |
| tort | civil wrong committed by one individual against another; can be intentional or unintentional |
| negligence | unintentional tort; failure to act in a reasonable or prudent manner |
| malpractice | unintentional tort; specific type of negligence relating to failure of a specially trained person to act in a reasonable or prudent manner in the practice of his/her profession |
| "res ipsa loquitur" | "the thing speaks for itself"; applies when harm is evident and there is no way it could have occurred without; ex- leaving surgical instrument inside pt after surgery |
| gross negligence | conduct so reckless or careless that even a lay person would know better; in some jurisdiction, shifts burden of proof to defendant; expert witness not required |
| intentional tort | although "on purpose," not necessarily meant to harm the patient; may be misguided attempt to act "for pt's own good"; may fall under criminal OR civil law, depending on exact nature; plaintiff does NOT have to prove the "breach of duty" element, just that the event occurred |
| assault | intentional tort; causing a patient to fear that he/she will be touched in an offensive manner |
| battery | intentional tort; actual offensive touching |
| defamation of character | slander (spoken word); libel (written word); injury to reputation |
| false imprisonment | restraint of a competent person or refusing to let a pt leave the hospital |
| breach of confidentiality | making a person's private affairs public; HIPPA |
| privileged communication | limited for nurses; physicians, attorneys, clergymen; individuals share information and professionals don't have to reveal it in a court of law |
| vicarious liability | employer responsible for the acts of it's employees; respondeat superior- "let the master speak" |
| statute of limitations | time frame after injury within which lawsuit must be filed; may start when the patient discovers the injury rather than when the patient suffers the injury |
| tolling | extending or holding the time limit of statute; extended if fraud or concealment; pt must be competent to give consent |
| informed consent | explanation of risks, proposed benefits, and any alternative treatments; pt must be competent; responsibility of physician; nurse's role is as "notary" or "witness" |
| incidence reports | internal quality improvement documents filled out when unusual occurrences take place; ordinarily not "discoverable" by plaintiff's attorney; report just "the facts"; don't refer to them in medical record, don't make photocopies |
| "Good Samaritan" laws | protect professionals from liability when acting in good faith to assist at scenes of emergency outside the work setting; designed to encourage such assistance |
| advance directives/durable power of attorney | designed to specify individual's desires for end-of-life care (DNR); "living will" is a common type |
| theories | provide information about definitions of Nursing Practice, principles that form the basis for nursing philosophy, goals and functions of nursing; also organize information into logical systems, provide an organized framework for studying nursing, and raise questions for nursing research to answer |
| concepts | an abstract idea of some phenomenon; a picture of something you hold in your mind |
| abstract concept | inferential (fever- measured by taking temperature) |
| concrete concept | sharp mental picture, observable (inflammation) |
| Nursing paradigm | person, environment, health, nursing |
| conceptual frameworks | made up of concepts; includes propositions; used for tentative statements that aren't fully developed yet |
| propositions | statement that expresses relationship between concepts |
| model | schematic representation of reality |
| empirical model | have a structure to them (physical representation of reality) |
| theoretical model | more abstract model; uses words, pictures, symbols |
| philosophy | statement of belief reflecting values, goals, and opinions; not testable, can't be proven |
| theory | formulation of related concepts more highly developed, detailed, and specific than conceptual frameworks or models |
| Grand Theory | large, sweeping nursing statement that explains human existence; complex, broad, hard to test |
| Midrange Theory | in-between Grand and Micro |
| Micro Theory | practice theory; test narrow area that has wide applicability to nursing; evidence developed to guide nurses |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.
Completed “Learn” mode
KaliAshlynK , tifany101602 , AlyssaMasud , lmarlatt , bsweatt2 , cwolf916 , kailene1