Chapter 26
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Created by:
hannahmarie000 on December 5, 2010
Subjects:
fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance, anatomy and physiology ii
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 non-electrolytes | solutes that have bonds; no electrically charged species are created when they dessolve in whater; glucose; lipids; creatinines; urea |
| Electrolytes | dissociate into ions; salts, acids and bases, and some proteins; have the greates ability to cause fluid shifts |
| metabolic water | produced by cellular metabolism |
| thirst mechanism | driving force for water intake; increase in plasma osmolarity will cause it |
| obligatory water loss | unavoidable out put of a certain amount of water; lost from insensible or sensible losses |
| dehydration | output of water exceeds intake; body is in negative fluid balance; may be caused by hemorrhage, severe burns, vomitting, diarrhea, sweating, diuretic abuse; signs include cotton mouth, thirst, dry skin and decreased urine output |
| hypotonic hydration | overhydration |
| edema | atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space leading to tissue swelling |
| pica | appetite for abnormal substances |
| aldosterone | hormone that promotes sodium reabsorption and water conservation |
| vasodilation | enhances water and sodium loss |
| vasoconstriction | action of blood vessels that conserves water and sodium |
| hypernatremia | increased excess sodium causes neuromuscular irratibility,thirst, confusion, lethargy, coma |
| hyponatremia | sodium deficit; neurologic dysfunction |
| hyperkalemia | potassiium excess; nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, bradycardia, depression and arrest, weakness, flacid paralysis |
| hypokalemia | postassium deficit; cadria arrhythmias, flattened T wave, muscular weakness, metabolic alkalosis |
| hypercalcemia | excess of calcium; cardiac arrhythmias and arrest, muscle weakness, confusion, kidney stones, nausea and vomitting |
| hypocalcemia | deficit of calcium; tingling fingers, tremors, muscle cramps, tetany, convolsions |
| alkalosis | arterial blood pH above 7.45 |
| acidosis | arterial blood pH below 7.35 |
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