5 Written Questions

1. PEPTIDE.made in hypothalumus, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. produces the milk-target breast tissue. Can be stimulated by infant suckling-dopamine production inhibits prolactin release!
2. results from low blood volume
   Baroreceptors attached to large veins detect pressure
   drink water containing solutes-gatorade,etc
   renin in kidneys creating high levels of angiotensin II which constricts blood vessels and signals brain to stimulate drinking behav.
3. primary role of VMH is regulation of energy metabolism, not eating- if X-obese
4. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal.Slower to respond
   Important in chronic stress.
   Activation of hypothalamus (CRH) causes release of ACTH (=corticotrophin) from pituitary which causes release of cortisol from adrenal. harmful long term.
5. ambiguous genitalia, Due to excess androgens:

5 Matching Questions

1. 5 alpha reductuase deficiency
2. Leptin
3. CRH (corticotrophin releasing hormone)
4. Gherelin
5. Vagus nerve

1. a conveys info about stretching of stomach walls-deals with satiety
2. b secreted by the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus in response to stress. goes to anterior pituitary- which then releases ACTH
3. c genotype xy- have testes, have male internal strutures, have MIH.
   lack reductase for DHT-dont have male external genitalia.
   become male when go thro puburty.
4. d conveys info about current fat supplies-INDUCE SAITEY
   thought to be involved in long-term energy balance.
   Mutation discovered in mice who were obese and lacked gene for the leptin protein-or can lack leptin receptor.
   binds to leptin receptors (ObRs) in arcuate nucleus, brain stem.
5. e peptide prod in stomach, duodenum
   potent appetite stimulant. levels rise 1-2 hrs before meal, drop off after meal.
   if overprod, can lead to obesity
   stim NPY neuronal firing rate, dec firing rate POMC neurons

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. FIRST ONE. triggers the release of TSH
   
   TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone = thyrotropin)
   1. CRH (corticotrophin releasing hormone)
   2. GnRH (Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone)
   3. TRH (thyrotropin releaseing hormone)
   4. GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone)
2. in arcuate nucleus. Activation of the AgRP/NPY neurons increases appetite and metabolism, whereas activation of the POMC/CART neurons has the opposite effect.
   Leptin inhibits neuronal firing of NPY/ AgRP neurons and stimulates POMC neurons.
   1. Corticosterone- ACTH
   2. iontropic responses
   3. difference between NPY and POMC
   4. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
3. PEPTIDE. huge surge stimulates female ovulation. egg released. secreted by anterior pituitary gland
   increase release of estrodial/progesterone.
   triggers testosterone too
   in males-makes more testosterone
   1. Prolactin (PRL)
   2. LH (luteinizing hormone)
   3. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
   4. ADH (anti-diuretic hormone
4. early "SATIEY hormone" acting to end a meal. release is stim by food in duodenum. acts both as brain nt and peripherally to close sphincter betw stomach and duodenum
   1. Progesterone
   2. CCK (cholesystokinin)
   3. Leptin
   4. Oxytocin
5. triggered by involved with positive feedback- stop making GHRH when levels too high- start making GHRIH.
   1. TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone = thyrotropin)
   2. GHRH (Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone)
   3. GHRIH (Growth Hormone Release Inhibiting Hormone = Somatostatin)
   4. GnRH (Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone)

5 True/False Questions

1. Glucagon → pancreas stops secreting insulin-then glucagon stimulates LIVER to to convert stored sugar(glycogen) to glucose that can be released into the blood. RAISES blood glucose levels.

   True        False

2. ADH (anti-diuretic hormone → post pituitary secretes vasopressin.

   True        False

3. Estradiol → steroid hormone or glucocorticoid
   stress

   True        False

4. SRY Gene → PEPTIDE hormone. secreted from pancreas, increases uptake of glucose into cells and stimulates the liver to store sugar; causes DECREASE blood glucose levels.
   infusion into brain near arcuate inhibits NPY production. -INDUCE SATIETY

   True        False

5. Oxytocin → PEPTIDE. made in hypothalumus, secreted by the posterior pituitary gland- general circulation.
   target is smooth muscle in breast tissue and uterus for milk release/contracting out a baby

   True        False