Biology Ch. 5
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Passive Transport | no cellular energy is needed, substances are moved from an area high concentration to an area of low concentration, substances are moved along a concentration gradient, by passing through the cell membrane |
| Concentration Gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance |
| Equilibrium | a state when the concentration of substances are equal in & outside of the cell |
| Diffusion | movement of small molecules from high to low concentration |
| Simple Diffusion | no transport protein needed in diffusion |
| Facilitate Diffusion | transport protein needed in diffusion |
| Carrier Proteins | proteins that transport substances across the membrane |
| Ion Channels | protein molecules in the cell membrane that form a pore for the ions to pass through |
| Osmosis | movement of water molecules |
| Hypotonic Solution | water moves into cell, causes it to swell |
| Hypertonic Solution | water moves out of cell to shrink |
| Isotonic Solution | water moves in & out at an even rate, cell retains normal shape |
| Contractile Vacuole | organelle in protists that collects water & releases it periodically to maintain pressure |
| Turgor Pressure | pressure that is exerted on inside of cell walls due to water moving into the cell |
| Plasmolysis | the shrinking (contraction) of a plant's cell membrane because of loss of water due to a hypertonic solution |
| Cytolysis | bursting of a cell due to a hypotonic solution |
| Active Transport | cellular energy is needed, substances are moved in & out of cell, movement can occur with or against the concentration gradient |
| Endocytosis | cell surrounds & engulfs material, material does not pass through the cell membrane, material remains encased in a vesicle or vacuole |
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