BIO259 - Cranial Nerves & the ANS
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Created by:
gotjoosy on December 6, 2010
Subjects:
anatomy and physiology i, nervous system, autonomic nervous system, cranial nerves
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52 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 again, what is the autonomic nervous system? | visceral motor pathways |
| cranial nerves | 12 doubly-named pairs of nerves equivalent to the spinal nerves in that they feed directly into the brain from the PNS |
| cranial nerve 1 | olfactory |
| cranial nerve 2 | optic |
| cranial nerve 3 | oculomotor |
| cranial nerve 4 | trochlear |
| cranial nerve 5 | trigeminal |
| cranial nerve 6 | abducens |
| cranial nerve 7 | facial |
| cranial nerve 8 | vestibulocochlear |
| cranial nerve 9 | glossopharyngeal |
| cranial nerve 10 | vagus |
| cranial nerve 11 | cranial accessory |
| cranial nerve 12 | hypoglossal |
| cranial nerve functional groups | motor, sensory, combination |
| motor cranial nerves | 3, 4, 6, 11, 12 |
| sensory cranial nerves | 1, 2, 8 |
| combination cranial nerves | 5, 7, 9, 10 |
| when classifying cranial nerves into functional groups, how does proprioreception factor in? | ignore it because all of them are involved in it to some extent |
| autonomic nervous system pathways | divided into pre and post ganglionic neurons |
| preganglionic neurons are derived from | neural tube |
| post ganglionic neurons are derived from | neural crest |
| autonomic nervous system divisions | parasympathetic, sympathetic |
| parasympathetic ANS | maintains internal homeostasis |
| sympathetic ANS | prepares the body for activity |
| parasympathetic ANS divisions | cranial, sacral portions |
| cranial portion | association with the cranial nerves |
| sacral portion | association with spinal nerves |
| parasympathetic ANS fiber divisions | long preganglionic, short postganglionic |
| nerves associated with the parasympathetic cranial ANS | oculomotor (3), facial (7), glosspharyngeal (9), and vagus (10) |
| oculomotor nerve's involvement in cranial portion of parasympathetic | ciliary muscles and iris diaphragm of eyes |
| facial nerve's involvement in cranial portion of parasympathetic | lacrimal, nasal, and salivary glands |
| glossopharyngeal's involvement in cranial portion of parasympathetic | salivary glands |
| vagus' involvement in cranial portion of parasympathetic | heart, lungs, digestive system of abdomen |
| sacral portion's involvement in parasympathetic | collon, rectum, anus, bladder, gonads, erectile tissue |
| in parasympathetic ANS, heart and lungs (decrease, increase) | decrease |
| in parasympathetic ANS, digestions (decreases, increases) | increases |
| fibers in the sympathetic ANS | short preganglionic, long postganglionic |
| there are ___ types of ganglia in the sympathetic ANS: | 2: paravertebral ganglia, prevertebral ganglia |
| paravertebral ganglia | 22-24 pairs located lateral to the vertebral column; aka chain ganglia |
| prevertebral ganglia: definition | 3 located further from the vertebral column; aka collateral ganglia |
| prevertebral ganglia: names and how they came up with the names | celiac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric; come from name of the artery they sit on |
| there are ___ possibilities for neural arrangement of ganglia: | 3: preganglionic axon enters the paravertebral ganglion and synapses immediately with postganglion, which carries to effector; preganglionic axon enters first paravertebral ganglion but goes up or down to a different post ganglion to synapse; preganglionic enters the nearest paravertebral ganglion then goes out to the effector and synapses closer to there |
| distribution of sympathetic ANS ganglia | head, thoracic viscera, abdominal viscera, pelvic viscera, body wall and limbs |
| distribution of sympathetic ANS ganglia: head | output to structures associated with the head (intrinsic eye muscles, lacrimal and salivary glands, etc.) |
| distribution of sympathetic ANS ganglia: thoracic viscera | output to heart, lungs, esophagus |
| distribution of sympathetic ANS ganglia: abdominal viscera | output to organs of abdomen (stomach, intestines, kidneys, etc.) |
| distribution of sympathetic ANS ganglia: pelvic viscera | output to bladder, gonads, erectile tissue |
| distribution of sympathetic ANS ganglia: body wall and limbs | output to blood vessels, arrector pili, sweat glands |
| some specific actions of the sympathetic ANS | dilate pupils, bronchioles, and blood vessels; increase heart rate and blood flow to skeletal muscle; decrease peristalsis and glandular secretion |
| control of the ANS occurs in the | hypothalamus |
| control of the ANS: conscious or subconscious? | subconscious, but can be minimally influenced by consciousness (indirectly) |
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