| Term | Definition |
| egalitarianism | a social philosophy advocating the removal of inequalities among people |
| proletariat | the lowest class of workers who sell their labor to live |
| bourgeoisie | the middle class, dominated by commercial and industrial interests |
| Stalinism | the theory of communism marked by rigid authoritarianism, use of terror, and emphasis on nationalism |
| collectivism | a political theory advocating collective control over production and distribution |
| nationalize | to invest control or ownership in the national governement |
| industrialism | an economic organization of society built largely on mechanized industry rather than agriculture, craftsmanship, or commerce |
| communist state | form of government in which the state operates under the control of a Communist Party |
| social interventionism | an ideology in which the government organizes social affairs |
| economic interventionism | an ideology in which the government attempts to mitigate economic conditions beyond the basic regulation of fraud and enforcement of contracts |
| laissez-faire | doctrine opposing governmental interference in economic affairs beyond the minimum necessary for the maintenance of peace and property rights |
| market socialism | a "planned economy" with government control of infrastructure and market control of other industries |
| utopia | a place of ideal perfection in laws, government, and social conditions |
| atheism | a disbelief in the existence of deity |
| imperialism | the policy of extending the dominion of a nation territorial acquisitions or by gaining control over the political or economic life of other areas |
| authoritarianism | concentration of power in a leader or an elite not constitutionally responsible to the people |
| Trotskyism | the theory of communism focusing on worldwide revolution as opposed to socialism in one country |
| Perestroika | economic policies of Mikhail Gorbachev allowing private ownership of industry |