ANS Chapter 15 IB 131
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81 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 what is ANS | system of motor neurons |
| what does ANS innervates | • Smooth muscle in organs and blood vessels • Cardiac muscle • Glands |
| what does ANS regulate for visceral functions | • Heart rate • Blood pressure • Digestion • Urination |
| Somatic motor system: it is one motor neuron that extends from the __ to the skeletal muscle? | CNS |
| Somatic motor system: are the axons myelinated? Does it conduct impulses rapidly? | Both are yes |
| ANS is a chain of two motor neurons, what are they? | Preganglionic neuron post-ganglionic neuron |
| in ANS, Conduction is (slower/faster) than somatic nervous system | slower |
| What are the divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System? | Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| What division mobilizes the body during extreme "fight or flight" situations | Sympathetic division |
| What division controls routine maintenance functions | Parasympathetic division |
| Which division does "fight, flight, or fright" | Sympathetic division |
| When does sympathetic division gets activated | Activated during EXTREME situations • Exercise • Excitement • Emergencies |
| What help us respond to dangerous situations | Sympathetic responses |
| In what ways do sympathetic responses help us respond to dangerous situations? | -Increase heart rate and breathing rate - Increases blood and oxygen to skeletal muscles - Dilates pupils and airways - Motility of the digestive tract and urinary tracts are inhibited |
| Parasympathetic division is active when? | the body is at rest |
| Which division is concerned w/ conserving energy? | Parasympathetic division |
| Parasympathetic division directs what kinds of routine activities? | • Heart rate and breathing are at low normal levels • Gastrointestinal tract digests food • Pupils are constricted |
| Sympathetic is also called ______ | thoracolumbar division |
| Parasympathetic is also called ________ | craniosacral division |
| Where does Cranial outflow comes from? | the brain |
| What does Cranial outflow innervate? | Organs of the head, neck, thorax, and most of abdomen |
| What does the Sacral outflow innervate? | Remaining abdominal and pelvic organs |
| Preganglionic fibers run via (name the nerves) | Oculomotor nerve (III) Facial nerve (VII) Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) Vagus nerve (X) |
| Ganglionic cell bodies located near where? | viscera/organs being innervated |
| Path of Vagus Nerve (CN X) sends what through parasympathetic autonomic nerve plexuses? | branches |
| Sacral Outflow emerges from where? | S2-S4 |
| What does Sacral Outflow innervates? | organs of the pelvis and lower abdomen |
| Sacral Outflow: Preganglionic cell bodies are located where? | In visceral motor region of spinal gray matter |
| In Sacral Outflow, axons run in where to where? | ventral roots to ventral rami |
| In Sacral Outflow, what do axons form? | pelvic splanchnic nerves |
| What do axons run through in Sacral outflow? | inferior hypogastric (or pelvic) plexus |
| What are splanchnic nerves? | paired nerves that contribute to the innervation of the viscera |
| What do splanchnic nerves carry? | fibers of ANS sensory fibers |
| What division are the autonomic fibers in splanchnic nerves? | sympathetic |
| What is the exception in splanchnic nerves which may carry parasympathetic? | pelvic splanchnic nerves |
| The Sympathetic Division issues from? | T1-L2 |
| In the sympathetic division, preganglionic fibers are from where? | the lateral gray horn |
| Which division contains more ganglia? | sympathetic |
| Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia is located where? | both sides of the vertebral column |
| Sympathetic trunk ganglia is linked (short/long) nerves | short |
| Sympathetic trunk ganglia are also called? | Chain ganglia and Paravertebral ganglia |
| Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia joined to ventral rami by what? | white and gray rami communicantes |
| For fusion of ganglia, what is fewer than spinal nerves? | ganglia |
| Fusion of ganglia most apparent in where? | cervical region |
| Collateral Ganglia differ from sympathetic trunk ganglia in what three ways? | Unpaired, not segmentally arranged Occur only in abdomen and pelvis Lie anterior to the vertebral column |
| Preganglionic neurons in the thoracolumbar spinal cord send motor axons through what first? | Adjacent ventral root into |
| After the preganglionic neurons in the thoracolumbar spinal cord send motor axons through adjacent ventral root, where does the motor axons go into next? | Spinal nerve |
| After the preganglionic neurons in the thoracolumbar spinal cord send motor axons through the spinal nerve, where does it goes next? | White ramus communicans |
| After the preganglionic neurons in the thoracolumbar spinal cord send motor axons into white ramus communicans, where does the motor axons go to next? | associated sympathetic trunk ganglion |
| In Sympathetic Pathways to the Body Periphery, what gets innervated? | Sweat glands, Arrector pili muscles, Peripheral blood vessels |
| Postganglionic axons travel in where? | gray rami communicantes |
| Gray rami contain only what? | postganglionic fibers |
| Postganglionic fibers are what? | unmyelinated |
| White rami contain what? | preganglionic fibers traveling to sympathetic trunk ganglia |
| Preganglionic fibers are what? | myelinated |
| For sympathetic pathways to the head, preganglionic fibers originate in spinal cord at? | T1-T4 |
| sympathetic pathways to the head: fibers ascend in the (sympathetic/parasympathetic) trunk | sympathetic |
| Postganglionic fibers associate with what? | large arteries and innervate glands, smooth muscle, and vessels throughout the head |
| For sympathetic pathways to thoracic organs, preganglionic fibers originate at what spinal levels? | T1-T6 |
| Sympathetic fibers to heart have what? | a less direct route |
| Sympathetic fibers functions: | Increase heart rate Dilate blood vessels to the heart wall Dilate bronchioles Inhibit muscles and glands in the esophagus and digestive system |
| For sympathetic pathways to abdominal organs, preganglionic fibers originate in spinal cord | (T5-L2) |
| Preganglionic fibers pass through | adjacent sympathetic trunk ganglia |
| After passing through adjacent sympathetic trunk ganglia, the preganglionic fibers then travel in what? | thoracic splanchnic nerves |
| For Pathways to the Pelvic Organs, Preganglionic fibers originate in the spinal cord from | T10-L2 |
| Pathways to the Pelvic organs: Fibers descend in where to where? | sympathetic trunk to lumbar and sacral ganglia |
| Inferior mesenteric ganglia or inferior hypogastric ganglia, postganglionic fibers go from these plexuses to what? | Bladder, reproductive organs, and distal large intestine |
| Adrenal medulla is major organ of what system? | sympathetic nervous system |
| What constitutes largest sympathetic ganglia? | adrenal medulla |
| Adrenal medulla secretes large quantities of what to produce a widespread excitatory response, the "surge of adrenaline" | norepiniephrine and epinephrine (=adrenaline) |
| What is controlled by the brain stem and the spinal cord, hypothalamus and amygdala, and cerebral cortex? | Central Control of the ANS |
| What is the center for these e.g., cardiac center, vasomotor center and digestive activities? | Medulla oblongata |
| Periaqueductal gray matter exerts what? | sympathetic fear response |
| Hypothalamus is what of the ANS? | main integration center |
| Amygdala is the main limbic region for what? | emotions |
| Raynaud's disease is characterized by what? | constriction of blood vessels |
| Hypertension is what? | high blood pressure |
| Raynaud's disease is provoked by what? | exposure to cold or by emotional stress |
| Hypertension can result from what? | overactive sympathetic vasoconstriction |
| Axons are well ___ and conduct impulses (slowly/rapidly) | myelinated rapidly |
| in ANS, Conduction is slower than somatic nervous system due to | Thinly myelinated or unmyelinated axons Motor neuron synapses in a ganglion |
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