219 terms

Terms	Definitions
What is a Plebiscite?	A Plebiscite is a ballot in which the voters say yes or no.
What did Napoleon do at the Crowning ceromony with the pope.	Napoleon took crown out of the Pope's hands and crowned himself Emperor.
Why did Napoleon take the crown from the Pope.	Napoleon took the crown because he wanted to show people that he got to this position by himself and no one else.
During the Revolution who did Napoleon favor?	Jackobins
Who did Napoleon overthrow to become Consul.	Directory
What were the laws called that Napoleon setup?	Napoleonic Code
What imporant empire did Napoleon crush?	Holy Roman Empire
Who did Napoleon have rule provinces of France?	His family
How did Napoleon try to make Britian give in?	He used the Contineal System which blocks off the whole contineant from trading.
Universal Manhood Suffrage	- This is when every single man can vote.
Nationalism	When a person feels pride in their country and wants to represent and later turns into revolts against france.
Where did Napleon go the first time he lost power?	Elba
What was the last battle Napoleon ever fought?	The Battle of Waterloo
What did mettternich want?	He wanted to restore everything before the Revolution happened.
How long after the congress of vienna did peace last.	It lasted about 100 years.
What big factor did the congress of Vienna not think about?	It di not think that poeple had nationlism and a taste of freedom.
anesthetic did what?	It used to prevent pain during surgery.
what was enclosure?	The nobles toke the land back from each peasent family and created one big farm which produced same crops and less workers.
Who built dikes and what were they used for?	They were used to reclaim land from the sea and they were first made by the dutch.
Who used fertilizer from livestock to renew soil?	The dutch
Who told farmers to grow turnips to renew the soil, and where was he from?	He was from England and and it was Lord Charles Townshend
Where did people go to when nobles did'nt need the extra servents?	They went to the city and started the population boom.`
Who invented the steam engine?	Tomas newcomen
James Watts did what ?	He improved the steam engine by making it poratable
In 1709 in Darby created what?	He created a cheaper and better quality iron by separeting it from its ore.
What did Florence Nightingale do?	She was a british nurse and opeed a school to help educate nurses on how to care for the people but also the hospital.
What year was malaria discovered	1914
Who created the telephone	Alexander Grambell
What made iron strong?	smelting it
What were the national rescources of Britian?	coal and iron
What was the first bisuness to be affected by the industrail rev?	the Texile industary
What country was the first to begin the industrail rev	Britian
What did Alfred noble create	Dymamite
What power shift occured in the begining of the industrail rev?	The Middle Class became the powerful class and the nobles became poorer than middle class.
What is captial?	The ability wealth to invest in enterprises
What old system was to slow for production?	The putting out system
What major inventions were created in Britian for the textile industary?	The water frame, flying shuttle, and the spinning jenny
What is a turnpike?	A privately built road that investors charged people to transport on it?`
How did the steam locamotive become a great invention?	It became great because it didnt have to be next to or on a river to run and it could go anywhere on land.
Who created the steamboat, and what was imporant about it.	The steamboat was created by Robert fulton and it travled at record breaking speed.
What happened since there were more products and less demand?	The prices fell becouse of supply and demand.
What does urbanization mean	The movement to the city
What were the places that the woreking class lived in?	tenements
What were bad about the tenements	They were bad because they had no health conditions and were unsafe.
What happened to factory workers who protested the factory.	The factory owner would call the police and if they still didnt coperate they would get shots fired at them.
How long did shifts usually last?	12 to 16 hours
What was the age to work in a factory?	5
What did employers do to orphans?	They made them work in the factory and in fact were harder on them cause nobody cared about the orphans.
What happened to people in the begining in the industrail rev?	people became upset with the new machines that were labor saving and people smashed or burn the factories and machines.
Who was the founder of Methodist church?	John Wesley
What did John Wesley say?	He claimed god did not care where you worshiped from and that you worship in house or at work.
Who did Wesley preach this to.	He preached this to the working class?
What did the middle class do to gain their title of nobility?	They married the noble class.
What right did labor unions win?	they won the right to bargain with employers for better wages, hours , and conditions.
As the demand increased what happened?	The wages for the people increased.
What was Malthus's theroy?	He figured people would soon outpace the food suply by the rapid growing population.
What did people stop doing due to wages?	they had less children so they would not have pay any money for them.
Who conviced the poor to have less children?	Ricardo
What did Jeremy Bentham believe?	He believed that the greatest amountof population should be happy with the decisions.
What did Karl Marx think would happen?	They thought that eventually the have nots would rebel against the haves and form a classes communist society?
wHAT WERE THE HAVE NOTS CALLED?	The proletariat
What were the haves called	bourgeoisie
What european country took the ideas of karl Marx	Russia
How did other countries catch up to Britain in the industrail rev ?	They had the advantage following britain, and borrowed their tech and experts
Who devolped a process to purify iron ore and produce a substance called what?	Henery bessemer and it was called steel
What did countries measure their success in ?	Steel output
Who created the first battery?	Alessandro volta
What did Micheal Faraday create?	The first simple electric motor, and the first dynamo
How did the light bulb affect people?	With the invention of the light bulb factories could open longer, resturants, could open longer and streets became safer.
Soon products came with what?	interchangable parts
What was the assembly line?	The assembly line was basically one group adds one part to the product and the product is sent to the next group and so on till it is done.
Why was the assembly line good	The assembly line was good becouse it was very simple and people could soon master their job, so it was not easy to replace them.
Who was first to make a car ?	The Germen man Karl Benz, but the car only had three wheels.
What amazing breathtaking thing did henery ford have his cars do?	His cars reached a speed of 25 miles per hour.
What besides cars were combustion engines used for?	farming
Samuel Moore invented what?	The telegraph
How did the U.S connect to Europe through the tele graph?	They put a 3000 miles cord under the ocean.
Who invented the radio?	Gugielmo marconi
What is a cartel	When the owners of companies of a certain product come together and decide what the price will be for that product.
What was the germ theroy?	The germ theroy was that the certain germs were the cause of certain diseases.,
How long did it take to find a cure for tuberculios after idenfitcation for the germ was made.	a half of century
What was a urban renewal	he fixed all the poor areas and made the streets bigger in case of a revolution
What revolution caused the start of a new imperialism.	The industrial revolution.
What was this new imperialism driven by?	Economics, tech, and military in 1800's
What were economic interests in the Africa?	A need for resources which were rubber, petroleum, magnesium, and palm oil plus new markets.
What were the political and military interests in Africa?	Same as economic interests with naval bases around the world, and increased status in world power.
What were some of the humanitarian goals	Need to spread western culture outside of Europe doctors missionaires, and politicians, lawyers
What was Social Darwinism?	-Superiority of Western Culture -Superiority of white Europeans Survival to the fittest
During the time period of 1870-1914 what happened?	Europe started and took over all countries in Africa expect for Ethiopia, and Liberia.
What were the weakness of non western states.	- rapid growth of the western powers -Decline of old civilizations -Slave Trade
Western advantages	Strong economy= strong military Tech( maxim machine gun) Medicine( helped to conquer Africa, Aisa
Initially Africans were _____ but in time groups began to ______	divided, untie
What did some people in Europe think about western imperialism?	It was immoral and a tool of the rich, and democratic Europeans promoted undemocratic rule around the world.
What types of forms imperial rule were used?	Direct rule , and indirect rule
What is the does direct rule mean?	It was where the military and political leaders stay in the colony and govern there.
What did the indirect rule do?	It was where they left local leaders in place but they had to answer to the country that was controlling them.
Who used the direct rule	France
Who used indirect rule	Britain
What did direct rule and indirect rule have in common?	They both used military to control the colony.
What is Protectorate?	When local leaders are left in place, but are forced to follow polices of colonial power.
What is the Sphere of Influence?	Exclusive trading deals with a certain country for unnecessary protection.
What Competition was for West Africa?	Slave Trade, Medical advances, and steamboats.
Who was involved in the Competition?	French, Britain, Spanish, Portuguese.
What was in North and East Africa?	Major centers of Islam , and trading center for Asia , and Europe.
Algeria	Algiers
Angola	Luanda
Cameroon	Yaoundé
Congo (DRC, Zaire)	Kinshasa
Cote d'Ivoire	Yamoussoukro
Egypt	Cairo
Ethiopia	Addis Ababa
Gabon	Libreville
Kenya	Nairobi
Liberia	Monrovia
Libya	Tripoli
Madagascar	Antananarivo
Morocco	Rabat
Namibia	Windhoek
Nigeria	Abuja
Rwanda	Kigali
Senegal	Dakar
Sierra Leone	Freetown
Somalia	Mogadishu
South Africa	Pretoria (Adm.)
Cape Town	(Kaapstad) (legislative)
Bloemfontein	(Judicial)
Sudan	Khartoum
Tunisia	Tunis
Uganda	Kampala
Western Sahara	La 'Youn
Zimbabwe	Harare
Who was the King of Belgium who toke over Congo	Leopold II
What was the experience for people in Congo	It was horrible and it was referred to the horrors of the congo.
What did the Berlin Conference do?	They called the Berlin conference to avoid bloodshed between European nations. they also made Leopold II put Congo in the hands his government not him due to the horrors, and Europe decided that anyone who established a government in the region the land was theirs.
1. Direct Rule	sending officials and soldiers from France.
2. Indirect Rule	Use local leaders to govern but those rulers answered to Britian.
3. Imperialism	To take over another country politically, economically.
4. Protectorate	local leaders left in place but expected to follow Europeans and issues.
5. Sphere of Influence	When a country claims special trading privileges.
6. Social Darwinism	When a country thinks it is okay to attack a another country because they are weaker then them.
7. Usman dan Fodio	led reforms to bring old Muslim practices, and changed his name Mahdi and he fiercly resisted British expansion.
8. Sokoto caliphate	a new muslim leaders after the Islamic reform.
9. Dr. Livingstone	He explored Africa and wrote about their culture. He said that Europeans were not doing the right thing with Africa.
10. Leopold II	King of Belgium, and used Congo as an invesment to make money. Once other Europeans found out about this and the abuse they put congo under Belgium government control.
11. Berlin Conference	To avoid bloodshed between European countries they said that an land you can set up a government in is yours.
12. Menelik II	King of Ethiopia order European weapons and modernized his army right before Europe invaded Africa.
13. Maji	Maji Rebellion- The rebellion in east Africa
14. Pashas	people who ruled the provinces within the ottoman empire gained power and because the sultan was so far away the Pashas became corrupt.
15. Genocide	an attempt to destroy and entire religious or ethnic group.
16. Concessions	Special economic powers given to other countries.
17. Qajar Shahs	They ruled from 1794 to 1925 and made some reforms .
Who was in south Africa since 1652	Dutch
What were the Dutch people called who settled in South Africa?	Boers
Who wins when Britain fights the Boers?	Britain
What year was Suez canal built?	1869
How did the Suez Canal help.	It helped because before if you want to the lower Asia you would have to sail all the way around Africa and now you only need to go to Suez canal and cut through Egypt and Saudi Arabia and save half trip .
What purpose did Belgium get Congo for?	They got Congo for business purposes
Where did Boers go to?	Great trek orange fro state tran suabi
In 1910 British granted Independence to dutch settlers and they called the country?	South Africa
What was the union of South Africa?	That the white people were the best and the Africans would be excluded from government.
Who was the last White president?	F.W De Clark
What did Cicial Rhodes find?	Zimbabwe
What company did Cicial Rhodes start?	De Beers and it was a diamond company
What were some of the positives for Africa for imperialism?	Railroads, African Products, New medicine, cocca plants, and laws and courts.
What was a factor that lead to decline of the Muslim empire?	Wide corruption.
What was the goal of the Islamic Movement?	It was basically and attempt to go back to the original teachings of Muhammad.
What Movement tried to start Islamic Reformation.	Wahhabi movement
Who were some leaders of the islamic reform movement?	Usman dan Fodio, and Muhammad Ahmad (Madhi)
What also increased to the decline of the Ottoman empire	Imperialism
What were Pashas?	Local leaders who helped the sultan rule and went corrupt because the sultan was so far away.
Who rejects the reforms for the Ottoman empire	sultan
The Genocide of what group was taken place on?	Armenians
What caused terroism ?	Wrong interruptions of Muhammad
What does Mahdi mean	savor of the faith
Who did Mahdi fight against	British
What did British do to gain control of Suez Canal?	They bought Egyptian debt
Who overthrows the sultan?	The Young turks
Who is the has majority in west Africa.	French
What precautions were to taken to prevent WWI	They restarted the Olympic games to stop fighting, Nobel Peace Prize, Pacifism, Aletta Jacobs, First Universal Peace Conference
What increased tensions in Europe?	imperialism in Africa,
What was Militarism?	Militarism nations began to keep a bigger army so they seem stronger and more powerful than the other countries.
What Four factors led to WWI	Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, Alliances.
Who was in the triple alliance	Germany, Italy, Austria
What two nations are becoming the Powerhouses of Europe.	Germany, Italy
What did Aletta jacbs fight for	Women Rights, vote, and to avoid war
What` pacifism used for ?	To stop WWI from happening
What was created to settle international disputes?	Hague Tribunal
How did the Goverment bring people into the army ?	They used Militarism to make the war seem great and then you great.
What was amount soliders used by the major powers.	50 million
What country before WWI had a power shift in their favor.	Germany
In 1881 what Alliance do Russia, Austria, and Germany Create?	The three emperors league.
What was the The three emperors league?	It said that if one country wen to war the other two would NOT help.
In 1882 What alliance is formed ?	Triple Alliance
How did the triple Alliance work?	If one goes to war the other two go to war.
What does Russia do in response to the Triple alliance?	Forms an Alliance with France
How joins the side of Russia and France in 1907?	Great Britain and call themselves the Entente
In 1914 what happens to Austria's Arch Duke?	Murdered
How does Austria punish Serbia	gives them list of demands
What does Serbia do?	They go to Russia for help
What does Austria do when Serbia goes to russia?	They go to Germany and get help
Germany declares war on Russia so how else does that invole	France
What is germany's plan and how did bring britian into the war.	germany would send all there soldiers to france through belguim which brought britian to help belgium and then attack france and go to russia
Who were the central powers	Austria, germany, turkey, bulgaria
Who were the allied powers.	France, bRITIAN, russia
How did warfare change?	Before it lasted to about month with an OPENFELID battle and now it years and it was a stalemate in trenches.
What was the Christmas truce of 1914	They stopped fighting on Christmas
the treaty between russia and germany helped who?	germany and they got only 100 miles away from france
How does U.S come into war	A letter sent to Mexico to attack the U.S to stop them from attacking Germany, and U.S sees this
After war what happens?	A flu come sin called H1N1 and 500 million are infected
In June 1919 germany has to sign unfair papers and pay lots of money do they sign?	yes
Who meet to discuss Germany's Fate in WWI	President Wilson, Clenceau, LLoyd, orlando
Germany had its first surprised attack?	Verdun
Tank	- could break through enemy lines and barbed wire
What soon became in advancements to warfare	Submarines/ U-boats Poison gas
How did people think that the war was fine?	billboards and signs increased importance of small battles.
At the end of the war what was status of the ecomony	Bankruptcy
Germany had a great ....	Subs
what was the treaty of Versailes?	Germans objected to much money , and not only ones to blame League of territory Germany had to limit military
League of Nations	2 main aims: promote international cooperation AND maintain peace by settling disputes peacefully and by reducing nat'l armaments More than 40 nations joined and agreed to negotiate disputes rather than resort to war Mandate system - territories administered by western powers Penalties: breaking diplomatic relations, imposing economic sanctions, military force (last resort) U.S. never joined Even though the League was powerless to prevent war, it was still the first step toward creating an international organization dedicated to maintaining peace

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