Flashcards: DNA replication & protein synthesis
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Created by:
mrlandryshs on December 7, 2010
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All 20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 nucleotide | monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism that is passed from parent to offspring AND is used by an individual as the recipe for making proteins |
| DNA replication | process of copying the DNA molecule |
| cytosine | Nitrogen base that pairs with guanine. |
| guanine | Nitrogen base that pairs with cytosine. |
| thymine | nitrogen base found ONLY in DNA that pairs with adenine |
| adenine | nitrogen base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA |
| Watson and Crick | Figured out structure of DNA was a double helix |
| messenger RNA | RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm |
| transfer RNA | type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis |
| ribosomal RNA | RNA that is in the ribosome and guides the translation of mRNA into a protein (acts as the glue) |
| transcription | the process of synthesizing RNA by using one strand of a DNA molecule as a template |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins |
| translation | Process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled |
| codon | three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid |
| anticodon | group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon |
| triplet code | 3 bases of DNA that code for a single amino acid |
| mutation | a change in a cell's genetic material. Once the genetic material has changed, the change is inherited by the offspring of that CELL |
| gene | sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| polypeptide | synonym for protein; chain of amino acids |
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