Fundamentals of Java Ch. 1
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Created by:
triplethreat93 on December 7, 2010
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer | ENIAC; built in 1940s; one of world's first digital electronic computers |
| one | How many tasks at a time could the first computers perform? |
| time-sharing | What allowed as many as 30 people to use the same computer, by the 1960s? |
| teletype | What device was connected to the telephone system that printed out both the use input and computer output? (1960s) |
| 1970s | When were email and file transfers created? |
| ubiquitous | Computers have become ???, which means that they are used anywhere and everywhere. |
| hardware | physical devices that you see on your desktop |
| software | programs that give hardware useful functionality |
| bit | one binary digit; eight to a byte |
| user interface | everything that relates to user/computer relations, including I/O devices, etc. |
| auxiliary I/O devices | devices outside of the computer that input information into the system and obtain information from it |
| secondary memory | auxiliary storage; all storage that is not directly in the computer; often in the form of portable storage media |
| modem | stands for modulator-demodulator; converts digital information to analog form for transmission on phone lines, etc. |
| primary memory | also called RAM; used to retrieve things from the central processing unit quickly; contents lost every time the computer is turned off; since there is a limited amount of RAM that a computer has due to its cost, the computer switches information between the RAM and the hard drive, slowing it down |
| ROM | read-only memory; reserved for the critical system programs used for starting up the computer; kept when the computer shuts down |
| video RAM | used for storing graphics and video applications |
| Moore's Law | by increasing the amount of transistors on a computer chip, you increase its processing speed |
| transistor | device that can be in two states: on and off. These are read by the computer as 1s and 0s and make up binary code. |
| Arithmetic and Logic Unit | ALU; executes instructions that the CPU decodes and sends there, and stores results in the RAM |
| system software | supports the basic operations of a computer; includes operating system, communications software for internet, compilers for translating programs into machine form, user interface subsystem which manages look and feel of the computer |
| application software | processes specialized tasks; word processors, database systems, other written programs |
| floating-point numbers | includes decimal places, and therefore can express more complex, more accurate numbers |
| American Standard Code for Information Interchange | ASCII; in it, each character takes up one byte of information (8 bits) |
| Unicode | the coding scheme that Java uses; in it, each character is represented by a pattern of 16 bits; allows for many more character and alphabet possibilities |
| strings | sequences of characters which are encoded by the computer in ASCII or Unicode, and then strung together |
| analog | information contained in sound; sampled by the computer and converted into digital information |
| sampling | ... |
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