24 terms

Terms	Definitions
Islam	Submission to God
Muslim (Muslem)	One who submits
Mohammed	The praised one; Prophet of God
Koran (Qur'an)	"Recitations": sacred scriptures
Allah	The one and only God
Imam	Service leader
Caliph	Political leaders after Mohammed
Hijra	Muhammad's journey from Mecca to Medina in 622
Mecca	Site of the Kaaba
Medina	"City of the Prophet"
Kaaba	Cube (Muslem world's symbolic center)
Mosque	place of worship; derived from masjid -- Arabic for bowing down
Minaret	Tower to call to prayer (muezzin calls faithful)
Mihrab	niche set into qibla wall
Qibla	direction towards Mecca
Minbar	pulpit for Imam
Kufic	decorative calligraphic script
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem	687-692 The rock: an indentation ("foot print") of a sacred beast (half mule half donkey) which sent to Mohammed to fetch him to God to receive divine message The site where used to be the temple of Solomon New combination of old ideas: - Greco-Roman columns - Roman arch - Centralized dome building with octagon plan - Blue and gold Visual effect: White base: stemmed from land Blue wall: extending to sky Gold dome: the celestial body Because of prohibition to images, the building use geometric symbols and script (the words of God) Though not a mosque, still a good place for worship The zebra arch: Later creep in to Christian art
Hypostyle Mosque	622 - present "Bowing Down" Minaret: tower to call prayer (so you wont miss the 5-time prayers for each day) Mihrab: niche set into qibla wall (to indicate that this is the wall you're looking for) Qibla: direction to mecca (usu. south) 1. Why hypostyle? - The Prophet's house is hypostyled -During expansion, Muslims converted Christian hypostyle church to mosque by changing their orientations (east-west to south-north) 2. Why a Mihrab? Derived from a niche in Mohammed's house that highlight himself and his voice
pointing arch
Horse shoe arch
multilobed arch
Mosque at Cordoba, Spain	begun 784 magnificent usage of arches with great variety two-tiered arch to raise the roof to an acceptable height Maqsura is a primary experimentation with highly decorative multilobed arches One of the largest mosques with hypostyle plan eclectic crisscross domes
Mosque of Selim II, Edirne (Turkey) by Sinan ("the Great")	1568-75 Centralized Mosque: mimicing Hagia sophia, with even a higher dome A different way to make dome (squinches, unable to copy pendentives) Highly decorative

Flickr Creative Commons Images

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• "Kaaba" image
• "Minaret" image
• "Mihrab" image
• "Qibla" image
• "Minbar" image
• "Kufic" image
• "Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem" image
• "pointing arch" image
• "Horse shoe arch" image

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