| Term | Definition |
| synecdoche | A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (as hand for sailor), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket), or the material for the thing made from it (as steel for sword). |
| metonymy | A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. |
| litotes | understatement for rhetorical effect (especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary) |
| hyperbole | exaggeration for emphasis or for rhetorical effect |
| zeugma | the use of one word in a sentence to modify two other words in the sentence, typically in different ways.-EX-"Mr.Pickwick took his hat and his leave." |
| oxymoron | A condensed form of paradox in which two contradictory words are used together, as in "sweet sorrow" or "original copy." or jumbo shrinp |
| synesthesia | a condition in which one type of sensory stimulus evokes a secondary and associated response. Example: hearing a sound and that invokes a color |
| apostrophe | A technique by which a writer address an inanimate object, an idea, or a person who is either ded or absent. |