1.
Alcibiades: A young leader in Athens around the Peloponnesian war
Attempted a tyranny
Ended up betraying Athenians to Sparta
Was for the Sicilian expedition
Accused of vandalizing the herms
Convicted and sentenced to death
2.
Alexander the Great: 356-323 BC
Came to power in 336
20 years old
Tutored by Aristotle
Solved the Gordion knot by cutting it
Prominent nose and curly hair
Conquered Persian empire
334-332 BC
Began to take on persian qualities
Administered his empire from Babylon
Died in Babylon at 32 years old from illness, possibly poison
3.
Anaximander: 6th century philosopher from Miletus
Map maker (one of the first)
Arche - basic principle, starting point, source
Tried to identify what that arch was
Apeiron - indefinite substance that is the material cause for all things
Eternal, ageless, and constantly in motion
It appears only at the origin of the cosmos
Recognized matter's ability to changed substances
Was a student of Thales
Thought he was wrong about water, because fire cancels it out
Tries to measure the cosmos, even proposed a number
Realized different observed phenomena in the sky could be the result of the same phenomena
Suggested that the earth was the fixed and unmoving center of the universe
Wonders how humans even came into existence
Babies cannot survive on their own
Suggested these fish-like creatures nurtured the babies until they grew up
4.
Archidamus: An early leader in Sparta, around the time Pericles was the leader in Athens
Had a slow and easy approach to war
Gathered forces at the isthmus of Corinth
Talks about discipline, preparedness, caution
Archidamus thinks the Athenians will be too angry to be prudent and withdraw into their walls
Sends a messenger to Athens, where it was turned away
5.
Aristagoras of Miletus: Went around asking Greeks for help overthrowing the Persians
Rejected by the Spartans
Athens decided to help him
Burned the temple at Sardis
Ultimately failed, and fell to the Persians
6.
Astyages: Grandfather of Cyrus
Had a dream that his grandson would kill him, so he ordered Cyrus to be killed
Punished Harpagus by feeding the man his children
7.
Bucephalus: Alexander the Greats' horse. (When Alexander was only eight/nine years old, he tamed a wild horse that none of his father's grooms could manage. Alexander calmed the horse by speaking gently.)
Alexander named a city after him
8.
Cambyses: Cambyses, the father of Cyrus
A Persian who married Cyrus' mother, Mandane
Cambyses, the son of Cyrus
Conquered Egypt
The Magi conspire against him
9.
Candaules: Early king of Lydia
Devised a plan to show Gyges his wife naked
10.
Cleon: Voted to kill all the Mytilenians after their revolt
They can't go back on their word
Time is a bad thing
Blames the assembly for the inconsistency
Sophists
Set an example
11.
Croesus: From Annatolia
King of Lydia
The fifth generation of Gyges' line
Invaded Ephesus and other cities
Formed an alliance with the islands
Has a dream predicting his son's death, tries to prevent it, but fails
Defeated and captured by Cyrus
His life is spared by telling the story of Solon and his lucky men
12.
Cyrus: Grandson of Astygyages
Supposed to have been exposed as an infant, but instead was raised as a herdman's son
Leads a revolt against the Medes
Conquered Lydia c. 540 BC
13.
Darius: Takes control of the Persian empire after the conspiracy of the Magi
After Cambyses
Takes control after a constitutional debate wherein he promoted monarchy
Divided the empire into Satrapies
Starts a war campaign against Athens
Died in 486
14.
Demosthenes: 384-322
Allegedly wrote Against Naera
15.
Dexileos: Died in battle at 19
Had a monument built in his honor in 395 BC
16.
Diodotus: Didn't want to kill all the Mytilenians
17.
Gyges: Trusted bodyguard of Candaules
Saw his wife naked
Kills Candaules
Punishment for his crime will be exacted upon the fifth generation
18.
Heraclitus: 5th century philosopher from Ephesus
Questioned nature of knowledge and the world around him
Accumulation of knowledge is not necessarily wisdom
Real way to wisdom is through inquiry into all things, including people themselves
Wrote aphorisms
It is not possible to step twice into the same river
Thought about divine order of the cosmos
Said it was extremely difficult to comprehend
Logos - order of things
Symbol is fire
Fire is always changing, but is a thing in and of itself
Rational, understandable
Unity of opposites, his aphorisms
19.
Hippias: Son of Peisistratus
Negative and harsh leader
Kicked out of Athens in 510
Then went to Persia
20.
Leonidas: Spartan general that held that pass at Thermopylae for a few days
21.
Miltiades: Athenian general
When Athenian generals were decided on whether or not to attack, he convinced the polemarch to side with him, and thus they attacked
22.
Nicias: Leader in Athens
Against the Sicilian expedition
Attempted a peace treaty with Sparta
23.
Peisistratus: Tyrant of Athens
Father of Hippias
24.
Pericles: Beloved Athenian general in the early days of the Peloponnesian war
Gave the eulogy during the mass funeral for the war dead
Died of the plague in 429
Rebuilt the walls of Athens despite the requests of Sparta
Had a mistress named Aspasia
Told Athenians to retreat into the Athenian walls
25.
Pheidias: Designed the Temple of Zeus at Olympia
Built the Cult statue of Zeus for the temple in Olympia
26.
Philip II: 382-336
Father of Alexander the Great
King of Macedon
Rose to power in 359
Conquered pretty much all of mainland Greece (not Sparta)
One leg was shorter than the other
Had an eye injury
Developed the hoplite phalanx with long spears
A political prisoner held and educated in Thebes
Assassinated
27.
Polykleitos: Sculptor in Bronze
Used the contrapposto
28.
Ptolemy: Redirected Alexander's body so he would have possession of it
Ruled Egypt after Alexander
Satrap in 323, king in 305
Started the Ptolemaic dynasty
Shifted power from central Egypt to Alexandria
29.
Pythagoras: 6th century philosopher from Samos
Born on Samos, but moved to Italy after political conflict
Pythagorean theorem
Believed in rule by better people
Aristocracy, but not by wealth, by intelligence
Believed all living things were related in some way
Vegetarian
Considered the world to be ordered by numbers
Developed many fundamental mathematical principles
30.
Seleukos: Ruled over Eastern coast of the Mediterranean, parts of central Asia minor, much of the middle east
Started the Seleucid dynasty
Satrap of Babylonia in 321, king in 305
Moved the capitol to Antiog
31.
Solon: An eponymous archon in 594
Put into power to institute sweeping reforms
Debt problem
Athenian citizens selling themselves into slavery
Established an income based class structure
Asked by Croesus to name the luckiest man
32.
Tellus the Athenian: The most blessed man according to Solon
His city was prosperous, he had sons, he lived to see his grandsons, he was prosperous and he died gloriously in battle
33.
Thales: 6th century philosopher from Miletus
Water is the primary substance
Most living things require water
Suggested earthquakes were caused by subterranean water
Hypothesized about an unobserved cause for an observed phenomenon
Large leap in scientific inquiry
May have predicted an eclipse in 585 CB
34.
Themistocles: Interpreted the oracle to mean the Greeks should hide in their ships
Athenian general
Suggested the Greeks set up their defense in Thermopylae
35.
Xenophanes: Late 6th to early 5th century philosopher from Kolophon
Suggested the cosmos was eternal, we don't need to figure out the origin, we need to focus on then here and now
Meteorology
Iris is in fact just a cloud
Earth and water are the substance of everything
Considered the nature of human knowledge
"father of epistemology"
Study of the nature and grounds of knowledge, especially with reference to its limits and validity
Knowledge cannot be gained through divine intervention
Looked at fossils
How did that fish get in that stone
36.
Xerxes: Son of Darius
Sums up an enormous army against Greece
Built a boat bridge across the Hellsponte
Lost the battle of Salamis, which pretty much meant he lost the war
