5 Written Questions

1. Son of Darius
   Sums up an enormous army against Greece
   Built a boat bridge across the Hellsponte
   Lost the battle of Salamis, which pretty much meant he lost the war
2. 6th century philosopher from Miletus
   Map maker (one of the first)
   Arche - basic principle, starting point, source
   Tried to identify what that arch was
   Apeiron - indefinite substance that is the material cause for all things
   Eternal, ageless, and constantly in motion
   It appears only at the origin of the cosmos
   Recognized matter's ability to changed substances
   Was a student of Thales
   Thought he was wrong about water, because fire cancels it out
   Tries to measure the cosmos, even proposed a number
   Realized different observed phenomena in the sky could be the result of the same phenomena
   Suggested that the earth was the fixed and unmoving center of the universe
   Wonders how humans even came into existence
   Babies cannot survive on their own
   Suggested these fish-like creatures nurtured the babies until they grew up
3. 5th century philosopher from Ephesus
   Questioned nature of knowledge and the world around him
   Accumulation of knowledge is not necessarily wisdom
   Real way to wisdom is through inquiry into all things, including people themselves
   Wrote aphorisms
   It is not possible to step twice into the same river
   Thought about divine order of the cosmos
   Said it was extremely difficult to comprehend
   Logos - order of things
   Symbol is fire
   Fire is always changing, but is a thing in and of itself
   Rational, understandable
   Unity of opposites, his aphorisms
4. From Annatolia
   King of Lydia
   The fifth generation of Gyges' line
   Invaded Ephesus and other cities
   Formed an alliance with the islands
   Has a dream predicting his son's death, tries to prevent it, but fails
   Defeated and captured by Cyrus
   His life is spared by telling the story of Solon and his lucky men
5. Beloved Athenian general in the early days of the Peloponnesian war
   Gave the eulogy during the mass funeral for the war dead
   Died of the plague in 429
   Rebuilt the walls of Athens despite the requests of Sparta
   Had a mistress named Aspasia
   Told Athenians to retreat into the Athenian walls

5 Matching Questions

1. Xenophanes
2. Alexander the Great
3. Pheidias
4. Bucephalus
5. Ptolemy

1. a Designed the Temple of Zeus at Olympia
   Built the Cult statue of Zeus for the temple in Olympia
2. b Alexander the Greats' horse. (When Alexander was only eight/nine years old, he tamed a wild horse that none of his father's grooms could manage. Alexander calmed the horse by speaking gently.)
   Alexander named a city after him
3. c Redirected Alexander's body so he would have possession of it
   Ruled Egypt after Alexander
   Satrap in 323, king in 305
   Started the Ptolemaic dynasty
   Shifted power from central Egypt to Alexandria
4. d 356-323 BC
   Came to power in 336
   20 years old
   Tutored by Aristotle
   Solved the Gordion knot by cutting it
   Prominent nose and curly hair
   Conquered Persian empire
   334-332 BC
   Began to take on persian qualities
   Administered his empire from Babylon
   Died in Babylon at 32 years old from illness, possibly poison
5. e Late 6th to early 5th century philosopher from Kolophon
   Suggested the cosmos was eternal, we don't need to figure out the origin, we need to focus on then here and now
   Meteorology
   Iris is in fact just a cloud
   Earth and water are the substance of everything
   Considered the nature of human knowledge
   "father of epistemology"
   Study of the nature and grounds of knowledge, especially with reference to its limits and validity
   Knowledge cannot be gained through divine intervention
   Looked at fossils
   How did that fish get in that stone

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. An early leader in Sparta, around the time Pericles was the leader in Athens
   Had a slow and easy approach to war
   Gathered forces at the isthmus of Corinth
   Talks about discipline, preparedness, caution
   Archidamus thinks the Athenians will be too angry to be prudent and withdraw into their walls
   Sends a messenger to Athens, where it was turned away
   1. Archidamus
   2. Alcibiades
   3. Leonidas
   4. Nicias
2. 6th century philosopher from Miletus
   Water is the primary substance
   Most living things require water
   Suggested earthquakes were caused by subterranean water
   Hypothesized about an unobserved cause for an observed phenomenon
   Large leap in scientific inquiry
   May have predicted an eclipse in 585 CB
   1. Thales
   2. Gyges
   3. Astyages
   4. Xerxes
3. Grandson of Astygyages
   Supposed to have been exposed as an infant, but instead was raised as a herdman's son
   Leads a revolt against the Medes
   Conquered Lydia c. 540 BC
   1. Cyrus
   2. Xerxes
   3. Darius
   4. Gyges
4. Trusted bodyguard of Candaules
   Saw his wife naked
   Kills Candaules
   Punishment for his crime will be exacted upon the fifth generation
   1. Cyrus
   2. Xerxes
   3. Gyges
   4. Astyages
5. Leader in Athens
   Against the Sicilian expedition
   Attempted a peace treaty with Sparta
   1. Darius
   2. Hippias
   3. Pheidias
   4. Nicias

5 True/False Questions

1. Cambyses → Cambyses, the father of Cyrus
   A Persian who married Cyrus' mother, Mandane
   
   Cambyses, the son of Cyrus
   Conquered Egypt
   The Magi conspire against him

   True        False

2. Demosthenes → 384-322
   Allegedly wrote Against Naera

   True        False

3. Astyages → Grandfather of Cyrus
   Had a dream that his grandson would kill him, so he ordered Cyrus to be killed
   Punished Harpagus by feeding the man his children

   True        False

4. Tellus the Athenian → 384-322
   Allegedly wrote Against Naera

   True        False

5. Peisistratus → Designed the Temple of Zeus at Olympia
   Built the Cult statue of Zeus for the temple in Olympia

   True        False