Biology: Molecular Genetics GUHS
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Created by:
MissElizabeth on December 8, 2010
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Description:
California Standard Set 1,4, and 5
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23 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Virus | Package of nucliec acid wrapped in a protein coat (capsid) or lipid envelope |
| Bacteriophage. (or Phage for short) | a virus that infects bacteria. |
| Deoxyribonucliec Acid | DNA: molecule that stores genetic information |
| nucleotides | subunits which make up nucleotides |
| Nitrogenous base | single ordouble ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms with funtional groups: adeninine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, or thymine. |
| pyrimidines | Nirtrogenous bases with single ring Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil |
| purines | Nitrogenous bases with double rings Adenine and Guanine |
| Double helix | DNA Molecule with a twisting shape |
| DNA Replication | process of copying the DNA molecule using several enzymes and binding proteins to unwind, polymerize, and ligate |
| DNA polymerases | Enzymes that elongate a complementary strand by adding and binding the nucleotides of the new DNA strand |
| Transcription | Process in which DNA sequence is used as a template to the form of a single-stranded complementary RNA molecule |
| Translation | Process in which nuleic acid sequence of mRNA is converted into codes for a amino acid that are binding in the ribosomes to form polypeptides. |
| Codon | Three-base sequence, codes for amino acid |
| Messenger RNA | Transcribed from the DNA Molecule in the nucleus, exits the nuclear pores and enters the cytoplasm where ribosomes are located and proteins are synthesized. |
| RNA polymerases | Enzymes that joins the RNA nucleotides together during transcription - makes polymers of RNA |
| Introns | mRNA molecule section that is not coded for amino acid and is removed in the nucleus |
| RNA splicing | Process which removes the introns and joins the coding regions |
| exons | Coding region of RNA transcript - the part that leaves the nucleus and used to code for a protein. |
| Transfer RNA | molecule with an amino acid binding site at one end and a three base anticodon that is complementary to codons on the mRNA |
| Mutation | change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA |
| mutangen | physical or chemical agent that causes a mutation |
| Ribosomal RNA | The most abundant type of RNA, which together with proteins, forms the structure of ribosomes. Ribosomes coordinate the sequential coupling of tRNA molecules to mRNA codons and help catalyze the formation of peptide bonds. |
| Gene Splicing | A genetic engineering technique in which a segment of DNA is removed and replaced with another segment. |
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