ch. 17 Questioned Documents
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Any object that contains handwriting or typescript and whose souce or authenticity is in doubt is referred to as an_______ | Questioned Document |
| T/F: Our general style of handwriting develops as a result of our attempts in childhood to copy letters that match a standard form or style shown to us by out teachers. | True |
| T/F: Variations in mechanical, physical, and mental functions make it unlikely that the writing of two individuals can be distinguished. | False |
| In a problem involving the authorship of handwriting, all characteristics of both the _______ and ________ documents must be considered and compared. | Known and Questioned |
| T/F: A single handwriting characteristic can by itself be taken as a basis for a positive comparison | False |
| Handwriting examples may have crude, unnatural form or be written vary carefully to disguise the writer's natural_____ | Style |
| Known as examples of writings, called_____, must be collected in order to determining the outcome of a comparison | Exemplars |
| As the age difference between genuine and unknown specimens becomes greater, the standard tends to become_________ representative of the unknown | Less |
| T/F: Two or more specimens of writing prepared by one person are identical in every detail. | False |
| In the supreme court case of ________ the court upheld the taking of handwriting exemplars before the appointment of counsel and determined handwriting to be non testimonial evidence not protected by Fifth Amendment privileges. | Gilbert v. California |
| T/F: Normally, known writings need not contain words and combinations of letters present in the questioned document | False |
| When requested writing is being given by a suspect, care must be taken to minimize ________ writing effort | Conscious |
| An exemplar should generate approximately ________ samples through a questioned photocopies, printer, or fax machine to obtain a sufficient representation of a machine's characteristics. | ten |
| A fax machine prints a kind of header known as a ______ at the top of each page it prints, which can be used for comparison and authentication purposes | Transmitting Terminal Identifier (TTI) |
| Examination of a printer's _______ involves microscopic analysis and the identification of organic and inorganic components. | Toner |
| Random wear and damage to a typewriter impart it with ________ characteristics | Individual |
| Examination of a document uner ______ or ______ lighting may reveal chemical erasures of words or numbers. | Ultraviolet, Infrared |
| Some inks, when exposed to blue-green light, absorb the radiation and emit _______ light. | Infrared |
| Handwriting containing inks of different chemical compositions may be distinguished by photography with _______ film | Infrared |
| T/F: If obliteration of writing is carried out with he same ink as was used t write the original material, recovery will be difficult if not impossible. | True |
| Infrared photography can also be used to visualize writing on paper that has been accidentally or purposely _______ in a fire. | Charred |
| _________ writings are partially visible impressions appearing on a sheet of paper underneath the one on which the visible writing was done. | Indented |
| When comparing the chemical composition of ink lines on a questioned document, a ________ can be used without destroying the document. | Microspectrophotometer |
| Many ink dyes can be separated by the technique of __________ chromatography | Thin-Layer |
| T/F: Examination of the paper of a questioned document is based on general appearance, color, weight, and watermarks. | True |
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