HISTORY: Unit 3
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Created by:
echadbourne on December 9, 2010
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Otto von Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia nil 1871 when he became chancellor of Germany, nationalist, let Prussia to victory against France, leading to the unification of German states to create the nation of Germany. He gave a famous speech in 1862, from which the term, "Blood and Iron" has derived. |
| "Blood and Iron" | the phrase "blood and iron" has become a description of Otto von Bismark's policy after he mentioned it in his famous speech. It signifies what he feels Germany must do to get what it wants: go to war, Blood refers to the killing aspect of warfare and Iron refers to the spending of money on weapons. |
| realpolitick | True politics. political realism or practical politics, esp. policy based on power rather than on ideals, practiced by Wilhelm. |
| Prussia | Former state in north-central Germany. At the height of its power, Prussia occupied more than half of present-day Germany. In the nineteenth century, Prussia led the economic and political unification of the German states, establishing itself as the largest and most influential of these states, with Berlin as the capital of the German Empire |
| Franco-Prussian War 1871 | Between Prussia/Germany and France. Germany won, leaving it fully unified (with Alsace Lorraine), and France bitter. |
| Alsace Lorraine | a region in NE France that was taken by Germany after the Franco Prussian War leading to further bitterness of France. |
| Archduke Franz Ferdinand | archduke of Austria: heir apparent to the thrones of Austria and Hungary whose assassination precipitated the outbreak of World War I |
| Nicky/Willy Telegrams | The Willy-Nicky Correspondence was a set of telegrams between Wilhelm II of the German Empire and Tsar Nicholas II of Russia from June 16, 1914 up until August 2, 1914 regarding Russia's and Germany's desires regarding WWI. |
| Kaiser Wilhelm | Kaiser of Germany from 1888 to1918; he was vilified as causing World War I. |
| Nicholas and Alexandra | Nicholas was Tsar of Russia during WWI, Alexandra was his wife. Nicholas was a reluctant ruler. |
| Schlieffen Plan | The Schlieffen Plan was the German General Staff's early 20th century overall strategic plan for victory in WWI where it might find itself fighting on two fronts: France to the west and Russia to the east. A Western Front and an Eastern Front were developed. The plan took advantage of expected differences in the three countries' speed in preparing for war. In short, it was the German plan to avoid a two-front war by concentrating their troops in the west, quickly defeating the French and then, if necessary, rushing those troops by rail to the east to face the Russians before they had time to mobilize fully. |
| Western Front | A line of trenches and fortifications in WWI that stretched with no gap from the North Sea to Switzerland. Scene of most of the fighting between Germany, on one side, and France and England on the other. |
| Trench warfare | Trench warfare occurred when a military revolution in firepower was not matched by similar advances in mobility, resulting in a grueling form of warfare in which the defense held the advantage. In World War I, both sides constructed elaborate trench and dugout systems opposing each other along a front, protected from assault by barbed wire. The area between opposing trench lines (known as "no man's land") was fully exposed to artillery fire from both sides. Attacks, even if successful, often sustained severe casualties as a matter of course. 5 April 1915 to 9 January 1916, during the First World War. A joint British and French operation was mounted to capture the Ottoman capital of Istanbul and secure a sea route to Russia. The attempt failed, with heavy casualties on both sides. |
| "Big Bertha" | the name of a type of super -heavy howitzer gun developed by the famous armaments manufacturer Krupp in Germany on the eve of World War I |
| Battle of Marne | ... |
| Battle of Verdun | ... |
| Battle of Somme | ... |
| Lusitania | British ocean liner attacked by German submarines in 1915. 1,198 people were killed, and 139 were americans. This upset the US, and the Germans immediately ceased its submarine usage hoping to keep the US neutral. |
| Turnip winter | the winter of 1916 when the potato crop failed. People had to survive on 1,000 calories a day (1/2 that of a recommended diet of an active adult). (see page 769) |
| Rations | civilians of the countries at war had to ration food. The french and english mostly rationed meat, coal, textiles, fats and imported products such as tea and sugar. Germany however, was not so lucky. Because the British naval blockade cut off their overseas trading, the germans had horrible famines. Wheat flour became rye, rye became acorns and chestnuts, and they became sawdust. |
| liberty bonds | A Liberty Bond was a special type of war bond that was sold in the United States to support the allied cause in World War I. It could be redeemed for the original value of the bond plus interest. |
| Woodrow Wilson | He was the president of the United States of America between 1913 and 1921, during the First World War First World War. Because of Wilson, the League of Nations was founded. |
| Fourteen Points | Fourteen goals of the United States in the peace negotiations after World War I: make sure war was for a noble cause;help create peaceful world. -give up colonies, -freedom of seas, -league of nations. the latter was the only one actually put into the Treaty of Versailles. |
| Unrestricted submarine warfare | unrestricted submarine warfare is where the German's decide they were justified to blow up any ships that they see. The main reason they were not stopped was because of their submarine technology. They blew up Lusitania which had passengers, but also ammunition. It's significant because this was a main reason the US went to war, even though it was two years later that they declared war. |
| Armistice | an agreement between opposing armies to suspend hostilities in order to discuss peace terms; truce 11/11/18 at 11 AM Germany signs because: -mutiny, -desertion, -retreating, -possibility of revolution |
| Great Influenza Epidemic 1918 | The influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 killed more people than the Great War, known today as World War I (WWI), at somewhere between 20 and 40 million people. It has been cited as the most devastating epidemic in recorded world history. |
| League of Nations | An international organization established after World War I under the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. The League, the forerunner of the United Nations, brought about much international cooperation on health, labor problems, refugee affairs, and the like. It was too weak, however, to prevent the great powers from going to war in 1939. Because: No army, Germany left out, asian countries "no say" US did not sign, why? because they didn't want war. |
| Treaty of Versailles | The treaty that officially ended World War I, signed at the Palace of Versailles in France. The treaty was far more punitive toward Germany than Wilson's Fourteen Points; it required Germany to give up land and much of its army and navy and to pay extensive reparations for damages to civilians in the war. The treaty also created the League of Nations. |
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