Listening to Music Final
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Created by:
wfeldman325 on December 9, 2010
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58 terms
Italian | English |
|---|---|
 Gregorian chant | a liturgical chant of the Roman Catholic Church, The traditional music for Latin texts in the worship of the Roman Catholic Church, it is marked by performance in unison and by free-flowing rhythms that follow the phrasing of the text. The chants often call for one syllable to be sung across several notes. |
| Ordinary of the Mass | A mass that features chants, prayers, and other services that remain the same from day to day throughout the Church calendar (as opposed to the Proper Mass, whose chants and services vary according to the particular liturgical occasion) |
| Plainsong | ancient chant sung in unison as part of a church service |
| Quadrivium | Latin for "four ways" More advanced program in the Medieval liberal arts program, it included the study of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music |
| a cappella | without musical instruments as accompaniment |
| castrato | a male singer who was castrated before puberty and retains a soprano or alto voice |
| falsetto | a male singing voice with artificially high tones in an upper register |
| madrigal | pastoral song; song for several singers without instruments |
| motet | an unaccompanied choral composition with sacred lyrics |
| basso continuo | continuous bass part, often with figures to indicate chords to be improvised on a harmony instrument |
| basso ostinato | a pattern in the bass that repeats while the melody above it changes |
| concerto grosso | Baroque concerto type based on the opposition between a small group of solo instruments (the concertino) and orchestra (the ripieno). |
| libretto | text or words of an opera or other long musical composition |
| The Seasons | Vivaldi's work of 4 concertos set to sonnets |
| Tutti | Whole orchestra |
| Art of Fugue | A collection of Bach's compositions that displays all the resources of fugue writing |
| Chorale | a congregational song or hymn of the German Protestant Church, originally for the entire congregation to sing |
| da capo aria | a terenary or A-B-A form that brings back the first section with embellishments improvised by the solist. Common in operas |
| episode | a passage in a musical work occurring between other passages that have more central thematic importance (as in a rondo form); in a fugue a section full of modulation and free counterpoint that is based on motives derived from the subject. |
| oratorio | musical composition, usually on a religious theme, for solo voices, chorus, and orchestra |
| The Well-Tempered Clavier | A collection of solo keyboard music by J.S. Bach. Contains fugues and preludes in all of the 24 major and minor keys |
| Antonio Salieri | an important composer in Vienna who was "close" to mozart |
| Pianoforte | The full name of the piano, the common musical instrument with a board of black and white keys, eighty-eight in all. The keys operate hammers that strike wires. It is Italian for "soft-loud"; it received this name because the level of loudness depends on how hard the player strikes the keys. |
| Sustaining Pedal | a pedal on a piano that lifts the dampers from the strings and so allows them to continue vibrating |
| una corda pedal | First pedal invented, action shifts so only one string is struck. Not intended for volume, but for color change |
| sostenuto pedal | Sustains only previously notes in bass |
| cadenza | a brilliant solo passage occuring near the end of a piece of music |
| diminished triad | a triad with a minor third and a diminished fifth |
| augmented triad | a triad with a major third and an augmented fifth |
| Heiligenstadt Testament | almost suicidal letter from Beethoven to his brother admitting that time in the country had not improved his hearing and that he was going deaf |
| absolute music | Music that is independent of words, drama, visual images, or any kind of representational aspects. |
| program music | Music that describes a nonmusical subject, like a story, object, or scene, through the use of musical effects |
| tempo rubato | a performer's decision to momentarily speed up or slow down the tempo for expressive purposes |
| Dies irae | burial hymn of the medieval Church; played bye ophicleides and bassoons in Berlioz's "Dream of the Witches' Sabbath" |
| idee fixe | "Fixed Idea", a term coined by Berlioz for a recurring musical idea that links different movements of a work. |
| Harriet Smithson | the English actress who, as the object of Berlioz's obsession, served as the inspiration for the Symphonie fantastique |
| English horn | a double-reed woodwind instrument similar to an oboe but lower in pitch |
| nocturne | a pensive lyrical piece of music (especially for the piano) |
| Liebestod | (German for love death) the famous aria sung by the expiring Isolde at the end of Richard Wagner's opera Tristan und Isolde |
| Ring Cycle | a cycle of 4 interconnected music dramas by Richard Wagner that collectively telll the tale of the germanic legend; Der Ring de Nibelungen |
| Bayreuth Festival Theater | The theater designed by Wagner which exclusively shows his works. Every year it performs the entire Ring Cycle |
| bel canto opera | "beautiful singing", prevailing vocal ideal in solo vocal music from the Baroque forward |
| simple recitative | recitative accompanied only by a basso continuo or harpsichord, and not the full orchestra |
| accompanied recitative | Recitative that uses orchestral accompaniment to dramatize the text |
| orchestral Lied (orchestral song) | a genre of music emerging in the nineteenth century in which the voice is accompanied not merely by a piano but by a full orchestra |
| pentatonic scale | Five-note pattern used in some African, Far Eastern, and Native American musics; can also be found in Western music as an example of exoticism. |
| whole-tone scale | Scale in which each note is exactly one full step from the next note in the scale. Only two of them exist, one on C and one on B, but neither actually have a leading tone since there is no possible way to determine which note is the primary tonic |
| parallel motion | Notes move same way on the staff |
| glissando | a rapid series of ascending or descending notes on the musical scale |
| dominant seventh chord | 1 3 5 (7 lowered half step) |
| twelve tone composition | A composition in which the twelve tones of the chromatic scale are systematically recirculated. The term usually refers to the work of Arnold Schoenberg. |
| arnold schoenberg | United States composer and musical theorist (born in Austria) who developed atonal composition (1874-1951) |
| Ballets russes | a ballet company established in 1909 by the Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev. Infamous for Rites of Spring. |
| atonal music | music with the absence of key and tonality. the elimination of a central tonic triad and the diatonic functionality of the harmonies relationg to it |
| polychord | A single chord comprised of several chords. |
| irregular meters | The time signature changes frequently -- often every measure -- and serves more as an organizational guide than an indication of strong downbeat |
| Sergei Diaghilev | Russian ballet impresario who founded the Russian ballet and later introduced it to the West (1872-1929). Directed Ballet Russes |
| Ellen Taaffe Zwilich | Florida State University, The first woman to earn the degree of Doctor of Musical arts, wrote three movements for orchestra |
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