Flashcards: Religion 2 Midterm
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Created by:
sarahzuber on December 9, 2010
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Latin | English |
|---|---|
| Alexander the Great |  Macedonian king; conquered much of known world |
| Assyrian Exile | began the Diaspora |
| Augustus | imperial title given to Octavian from the Senate |
| Diaspora | Greek for "dispersion"; refers to the emigration of the Jews into areas outside the geophysical boundaries of Palestine |
| Essenes | Jews that withdrew from the world into the desert |
| Hebrew and Aramaic | languages Jesus most likely spoke |
| Israel and Judah | the two divided parts of the kingdom after Solomon's death |
| Joshua | Moses successor |
| Julius Caesar | named himself dictator for life in 44 BC |
| Latin and Greek | dominated languages of Roman world when Jesus was alive |
| Moses | led Jews out of captivity in Egypt |
| Pax Romana | "Roman Peace"; period of peace and prosperity during empire for 200 years |
| plebeians | common people |
| Pontifex Maximus | title meaning "high priest" |
| Romulus and Remus | two brothers who found Rome |
| Sadducees | dominated Sanhedrin |
| Tribunes | represented the plebeian class |
| Beatitudes | given on the Sermon on the Mount |
| Find in the Temple | Jesus was lost for three days and found preaching |
| Four Marks of the Church | one, holy, catholic, apostolic |
| Jesus' inaugural event of public ministry | his baptism by John the Baptist |
| Martyrdom | supreme witness given to the truth of the faith |
| Means and Goal of God's Plan | the Church |
| Passover | Holy Family was returning from when Jesus was lost for three days |
| Pentecost | The Holy Spirit descended upon the disciples; birthday of the Church |
| Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition | Deposit of Faith |
| Sermon on the Mount | Jesus gave the Beatitudes and the Lord's prayer |
| St. John | only apostle not a martyr; wrote gospel of St. John; "beloved disciple" |
| St. Matthew | gospel written in Aramaic |
| St. Paul | apostle to the Gentiles |
| St. Simeon | revealed to him by Holy Spirit that he would see the Messiah before he died |
| St. Stephen | the first Christian martyr |
| Agape | "love feast"; closely associated with Eucharist |
| Apocryphal | false narrative books on Jesus' life |
| Apologists | defend and explain the Catholic Faith |
| Apostolic Fathers | early Christian writers who came immediately after the Apostles |
| Baptism | in early Church many waited until close to death |
| Catechumens | in instructed; adults seeking admission into the Church |
| Christian Holiest Day of the Week | Sunday |
| Council of Trent | Church made its final definitive statement regarding the Canon of Scripture |
| Didache | teaching of the 12 apostles |
| Domestic Church | family; status conferred to the Church by Christianity |
| Ichthys | fish; "Jesus Christ Son of God Savior" |
| Monotheism | belief in one god |
| St. Augustine and war | self-defense |
| St. Monica | first used by Pope St. Gelasius I |
| Vicar of Christ | title given to pope saying he holds responsibility and supreme authority from Christ; first used by pope innocent III |
| Apostasy | willful renunciation of the faith in its entirety |
| Constantine | defeated Maxentius with the symbol of the cross on his army's armor |
| Diocletian | split empire into tetrarchy |
| Insulae | tenement home for middle and lower classes; wooden walls filled with rubble for insulation |
| Nero | St. Peter martyred during reign |
| St. Agnes | sentenced to brothel as persecution for her Christianity |
| St. Ignatius of Antioch | first person to use the term "Catholic Church" |
| St. Justin Martyr | converted by a mysterious old man when walking by the sea |
| St. Lawrence | fabled to have said "turn me over, I'm done on this side" |
| St. Perpetua and St. Felicity | martyrs; a noblewoman and her slave |
| The Way | early Christians referred to faith |
| Trajan | Eastern expedition was the last major conquest of the Roman Empire |
| Vox Populi | voice of the people |
| Apollinaris | denied the existence of a human mind and will in Christ |
| Arianism | denied the divinity of Jesus Christ |
| Formal Heresy | free choice to hold tenets opposed to Church teaching |
| Gnosticism | divided people into two classes; spiritual and material |
| Gnosis | Greek word for knowledge |
| St. Athanasius | "the whole world has gone Arian; then it is Athanasius against the world"; combated Arianism |
| St. Augustine of Hippo | lived a life summarized by his constant affirmation of "Our hearts are restless until they rest in Thee, O Lord" |
| St. Hilary of Poitier | the Athanasius of the West |
| St. Jerome | wrote the Latin Vulgate; the first translation of the Bible into Latin from its original sources |
| Theodosius | cemented the union between Church and State by making Christianity the official religion of the empire |
| Theotokos | bearer of God |
| Traditor | any early Christian who renounced the Christian faith during the persecution; under Diocletian |
| A.D. 476 | when Rome fell |
| Axus Mundi | a connection between heaven and earth |
| Huns | nomadic people of unknown ethnic origin and lacking culture; swept into Europe from North China |
| Islam | submission |
| Koran | the holy book of Islam |
| Opus Dei | work of God; habitual prayer in common for Benedictines |
| Patriarch of Constantinople | head of the Eastern Church |
| Pillars of Islam | five |
| Ramadam | the holy month of Islam |
| St. Gregory the Great | first pope to use servant of the servants of God |
| St. Leo the Great | met with Attila |
| St. Scholastica | twin sister of St. Benedict |
| Tours | where the Muslim invaders were defeated by the Christian in 732 AD |
| Vandals | most ruthless of the Germanic tribes |
| Visigoths and Ostrogoths | branches of the goths |
| Vows in the Benedictine Rule | poverty, chastity, and obedience |
| Franks | first Germanic tribe to convert |
| Mozarabs | Spanish under Muslim rule |
| Sacrament of Penance | Irish had great influence |
| St. Cyril and St. Methodius | "the Apostles of the Slavs"; used Slavonic language and developed the Glagolithic script |
| St. James and St. Paul | gave Christianity to Spain |
| St. Olga | introduced Christianity to Russia |
| St. Patrick | Apostle of Ireland |
| The Papal States | resulted from special relationship between papacy and Franks; made pope sovereign leader for first time |
| The Venerable Bede | St. Bede; the Father of English History |
| Waka | Oak of Thor; felled by St. Boniface |
| Alcuin | the best and most influential scholar of the Carolingian Empire |
| Carolingian Renaissance | result of Charlemagne's insistence upon classical renewal |
| Codex Justinianus | basis for canon law |
| Filioque | added to the Nicene Creed to clarify that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son |
| Icon | flat 2-dimensional picture of Christ, the Virgin Mary, or a saint that serves as an invitation to pray |
| Iconoclast | image-breaker |
| Mayors of the Palace | Carolingians |
| Michael Cerularius | deleted pope's name from all liturgies |
| Pepin the Short | son of Charles Martel; father of Charlemagne |
| Second Ecumenical Council of Nicea | officially denounced iconoclasm |
| Cistercian Order | white monks; founded by St. Robert Molesme |
| Cluny | where monastic reform began; monks answered to the pope |
| Feudalism | result of collapse of Carolingian Empire |
| Frederick I | Barbarossa; ablest and most powerful ruler of the Holy Roman Empire |
| Lay Investiture | appointment of bishops and abbots by secular rulers |
| Nepotism | the appointment of family members to important positions of authority |
| St. Thomas a Becket | martyred by Henry II for refusing to support his campaign to control the Church |
| Treaty of Verdun | divided Carolingian empire into three parts |
| Vikings | Norsemen who wreaked havoc on Europe |
| Albigensians | heresy that believed two gods ruled the universe |
| Children's Crusade | failure because many children died or were sold into slavery on the way to the Holy Land |
| Church's Incentives to Crusaders | indulgences, tax reductions, dissolution of debt |
| Islam after Muhammad's death | spread to North Africa, Asia Minor, and Palestine |
| Jacques de Molay | grand master of the Knights Templar; burned at the stake by French King Philip the Fair |
| Knights Hospitalers | Knights of Malta |
| Knights Templar | oldest order |
| St. Francis of Assisi | traveled to the Holy Land to preach the Gospel to the Muslim leader Sultan Malik-al-Kamil |
| The Crusades | from Latin word crux meaning cross; religious wars to liberate the Holy Land and make pilgrims safer to travel there |
| The Spanish Inquisition | began during reign of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella |
| Architecture | longest lasting artistic advance of the Middle Ages |
| Aristotle | author of Metaphysics |
| Beowulf | earliest example of vernacular literature |
| Double Truth Theory | compares theological tenets with philosophical truths |
| Giotto | work was pinnacle of Medieval painting |
| Gothic | style which allowed masons to decorate church with art |
| Scholasticism | branch of theology which holds that one can learn about God through the use of reason and is centered on the relationship between faith and reason |
| St. Anselm | father of Scholasticism |
| St. Bonaventure | considered the second founder of the Franciscans |
| St. Dominic Guzman | founder of the order of preachers |
| St. Thomas Aquinas | employed the use of Aristotle's philosophy to approach the truths of the Christian faith |
| Summa Theologiae | primary work of St. Thomas Aquinas |
| Univerisity of Bologna | known for its study of Jurisprudence |
| University of Oxford | claims founders such as the Trojans and a Saxon king |