science exam vocab
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Created by:
jcguitarman on December 9, 2010
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lakeview, Marcelle's 2015 group, jack's super study group, noel's mouze group, Studying is For Nerds, But We Still Do It
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77 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Motion | the state in which one object's distance from another is changing |
| reference point | a place or object used for comparison to determine if an object is in motion |
| speed | the distance an object travels per unit of time |
| average speed | the overall rate of speed at which an object moves |
| instantaneous speed | the speed you are traveling at a single time |
| velocity | the speed you travel in a certain direction |
| acceleration | the rat at which someones's velocity cnanges |
| meter | the SI unit for length |
| inertia | the tendancy of an object to resist any change |
| momentum | the product of an objects mass velocity |
| mass | the amount of matter in an object |
| weight | the force of gravity on an object |
| friction | the force that one surface exerts on another when two surfaces rub against each other |
| static friction | friction that acts on objects that are not moving |
| gravity | the force that pulls objcts toward each other |
| rolling friction | the friction acting when an object rolls across a surface |
| sliding friction | friction that occurs when one solid surface slides over another |
| fluid friction | friction that occurs as an object moves through a fluid |
| free fall | the motion of a falling object when the only force acting on it is gravity. |
| air resistance | the fluid friction experienced by objects falling through the air |
| terminal velocity | the greatest velocity a falling object can reach |
| projectile | an object thrown or launched |
| law of conservation of momentum | a rule that in the absence of outside forces the total momentum of objects that inetract does not change |
| balanced forces | equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions |
| newton | the SI unit for force |
| net force | the overall force on an object when all the indibidual forces acting on it are added together |
| force | a push or pull exerted on an office |
| unbalanced forces | forces that produce a nonzero net force |
| joule | the SI unit for work |
| power | the rate at which work is done |
| work | force exerted on an object that causes it to move |
| machine | a device that makes things easier to do |
| inclined plane | a simple machine that is a flat, sloped surface |
| fulcrum | the fixed point around which a lever pivots |
| wedge | a simple machine which is a moving inclined plane |
| input force | the force that you put into a machine |
| output force | the force excerted by a machine |
| wheel and axle | a simple machine that consists of two attached circular or cylindrical objects that rotate about a common axis, each one with a different radius |
| pulley | a simple machine that consists of a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped around it |
| screw | a simple machine that is an inclined plane wrapped around a central cylinder to form a spiral |
| lever | a simple machine that consists of a rigid bar that picots about a fixed point |
| compound machine | a devise that combines two or more simple machines |
| ideal mechanical advantage | the mechanical advantage that a machine would have without friction |
| real mechanical advantage | A machine that accually has a possible mechanical advantage |
| mechanical advantage | the number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it |
| efficiency | the percentage of the input work that is converted to output work |
| pressure | the force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted |
| pascal | the SI unit for pressure |
| fluid | a material that can easily flow |
| bernoulli's principle | the rule that a stream f fast-moving fluid exerts less pressure than the surrounding fluid |
| hydraulic device | a system that multiplies force by transmitting pressure from a small surface area through a confined fluid to a larger surface |
| lift | an upward force |
| buoyant force | the upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object |
| archimede's principle | the rule that the bouyant force an an object is equal to the weight of the fluid the object displaces |
| density | the mass contained in an object |
| barometer | an instrument used to measure pressure |
| van allen belts | doughnut shaped regions 1,000-25,000 km aboce earth that contain subatomic particles traveling at high speeds`1 |
| aurora | an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force |
| solar wind | a stream of protons moving radially from the sun |
| compass | a device with a magnetized needle that spins freely |
| magnetosphere | the magnetic field of a planet |
| magnetic declination | the difference between the magnetic north and the true north |
| atom | the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element |
| element | one of about 100 basic materials that make up all matter |
| nucleus | the core at the center of every atom |
| proton | a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| neutron | a subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| electron | a subatomic particle that has a negative charge surrounding the nucleus |
| magnetic domain | a region in which the magnetic fields of all atoms are lined up in the same direction |
| temporary magnet | a magnet made from material that easily loses its magnetism |
| permanent magnet | A magnet that retains its magnetism after being removed from a magnetic field |
| ferromagnetic material | a material that shows strong magnetic properties |
| magnet | any material that attracts iron and materials that contain iron |
| magnetic pole | one of the two ends of a magnet where the magnetism seems to be concentrated |
| magnetic force | a force produced when magnetic poles interact |
| magnetic field | the region around a magnet where the magnetic force is exerted |
| magnetic field lines | Invisible lines that map out the magnetic field around a magnet |
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