7th Grade History Midterm Review
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Created by:
conkelley8 on December 11, 2010
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75 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 abolitionist | a person who worked to end slavery. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | an 1848 gathering where people thought up ways to help end suffrage. |
| sectionalism | loyalty to a certain region. |
| Henry Clay | wrote the Missouri Compromise |
| Missouri Compromise | made Maine a free state, Missouri a slave state, and abolished slavery above the 36 30 line. |
| Free-Soil Party | had Martin Van Buren as their first candidate. |
| Stephen A. Douglas | senator from Illinois who devised the Comp. of 1850. |
| Kansas- Nebraska Act | made Kansas & Nebraska states with the right to choose to be free or slave states through popular sovereignty. |
| Popular Sovereignty | The idea that "the people" could decide the outcome of a dispute. |
| Jefferson Davis | first and only president of the Confederate States of America. |
| Ulysses S. Grant | Commander of the Union army who was nicknamed "Unconditional Surrender" |
| Robert E. Lee | CSA Army general from Virginia. |
| Battle of Antietam | First Major USA victory in the east, led to the Emancipation Proclamation. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | a document signed January 1, 1863 by Abraham Lincoln that stated all enslaved people in the CSA were free |
| 13th Amendment | actual law that stated all enslaved people were free in 1864. |
| Scalawags | name former Confederates gave to Southerners who supported the North. |
| Carpetbaggers | former Confederates gave to Southerners who supported the North and Reconstruction |
| Segregation | the separation of races. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | a court case that involved a LA law saying that there should separate train cars for African Americans in 1896. |
| Subsidies | financial aid and land grants from the government |
| Long drive | a drive 1000+ miles like the Chisholm Trail. |
| Exodusters | African Americans who migrated west. |
| Sooners | people who came to OK early before it was legally open to the public. |
| Farmer's Alliance | networks of organizations that sprang up in the West. |
| Populist Party | a political party aiming for appeal. |
| Vigilantes | people who take the law into their own hands. |
| Homestead Act | 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to people who lived on that land for 5 years |
| Consolidation | The combining of two companies. |
| George Westinghouse | Invented transformers. |
| George Pullman | Invented the Pullman sleeping car. |
| Alexander Graham Bell | Invented the telephone. |
| Samuel Morse | invented the telegraph and Morse Code. |
| George Eastman | invented the Kodak personal camera |
| Assembly Line | a less expensive and much faster way to manufacture things by Henry Ford |
| Mass production | A production of a large quantity of the same product |
| Factors of Production | Land, Labor, and Capital. |
| Corporation | a company that sells shares/stock |
| Stock | shares of a company |
| John D. Rockefeller | used Horizontal Integration, rich businessman from Standard Oil. |
| Andrew Carnegie | manager of Pennsylvania R.R. and made a fortune in his steel business and used vertical integration. |
| Vertical Integration | acquiring companies that supply you with the necessary things to run your business. |
| Trust | a group of companies managed by the same board of directors. |
| Monopoly | near total control by a single producer |
| Horizontal Integration | combining competing firms into one corporation. |
| Philanthropy | the use of money to benefit the community |
| Sherman Anti-Trust Act | law in 1890 that sought to stop unlawful monopolies, but wasn't very successful. |
| Knights of Labor | Rapidly growing labor organization who recruited anyone used secret handshakes to fight people. |
| Ellis Island | main point of immigration in the East. |
| Assimilate | becoming a part of a new country's culture |
| Nativists | wanted to keep the U.S. "all-American" |
| Chinese Exclusion Act | prohibited Chinese immigration to the U.S. for 10 years and was extended twice. |
| Tenements | apartment buildings in the slums where a large portion of immigrants lived. |
| Suburbs | residential areas that sprang up outside of city centers |
| The Gilded Age | a term used by Mark Twain that suggested the extravagant wealth in America and the poverty that was hidden underneath |
| John Dewey | the leading spokesperson for progressive education |
| Progressive Education | the idea that students should be taught character and citizenship as well as facts |
| Morrill Act | law that gave states large amounts of federal land that could be sold to raise money for education. |
| Booker T. Washington | an African American educator who founded the Tuskegee Intitute |
| Joseph Pulitzer | editor of the "New York World" newspaper |
| William Randolph Hearst | editor of the "New York Morning Journal" and largely popularized yellow journalism |
| Yellow Journalism | writing about current events that made the newspaper sell better |
| Mark Twain | an author who wrote with the techniques: realism and regionalism |
| Horatio Alger | an author who wrote a successful series of young adult books |
| Political machines | powerful organizations linked to political parties |
| Boss Tweed | headed New York's Democratic political machine in the 1860's and 1870's |
| Thomas Nast | a cartoonist who depicted the corruption of political machines in many of his cartoons |
| Patronage | a synonym for the Spoils System |
| Pendelton Act | a law passed that created the Civil Service Commission in 1883 |
| Oligopoly | a market structure where a group of companies controlled the prices of the industry. |
| Muckrakers | journalists who wrote stories about the corruption of society. |
| Upton Sinclair | a muckraker who wrote the book, "The Jungle" about the horrors of the meat-packing industry. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | The 26th U.S. president who reformed government through the Square Deal. |
| Square Deal | Theodore Roosevelt's plan for reform; all Americans are entitled to an equal opportinity to succeed |
| Northern Securities Company | a railroad monopoly formed by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill that was broken up by Theodore Roosevelt |
| Bull Moose Party | political party Teddy Roosevelt started when he was denied nomination for the Republican party in 1912 to William Howard Taft. |
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