McAuley Freshman World History Exam Ch. 5,6,7,10,11,12
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Created by:
nkuchenbuch2014 on December 11, 2010
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119 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bill of Rights | protects citizens from the power of the government |
| Dec. of Independence | written by Thomas Jefferson |
| Joseph II | Enlightened ruler who actually tried reform |
| Lexington | British march to Concord interrupted here |
| Adam Smith | described the idea of laissez-faire |
| Yorktown | site of British army surrender |
| Rococo | more simplistic style of art |
| Rousseau | argued against the Enlightenment |
| Denis Diderot | wrote the encyclopedia |
| Catherine the Great | Enlightened ruler of Russia |
| The Spirit of Laws | masterwork of Baron de Montesquieu |
| Frederick the Great | Enlightened ruler of Prussia |
| Kepler | refuted some of Copernicus' hypotheses |
| Descartes | "I think, therefore I am." |
| John Wesley | started the Methodist religion |
| Mozart | great musical composer |
| Act of Union | joined England and Scotland |
| Voltaire | supporter of freedom of speech |
| Newton | author of Principia |
| Committee of Public Safety | ruled France during the Reign of Terror |
| monarchy | type of French government before the revolution |
| Continental System | plan that forbade trade with Britain |
| the radicals | wanted to imprison royals and abolish monarchy |
| Jacobins | group of extreme radicals |
| Marie Antoinette | wife of Louis XVI |
| the Estates-General | rarely called meeting of the three social classes |
| Olympe de Gourges | argued for women to be included |
| Charlotte Corday | person who assassinates Marat |
| the third estate | compromise 97 percent of the French population |
| Girondins | rivals of the Jacobins |
| Austerlitz | Napoleon's greatest victory |
| coup detat | when you take the government over |
| Jean-Paul Marat | early leader of the revolution who was killed in the bath |
| bourgeoisie | doctors, lawyers, merchants |
| The Bastille | Paris prison stormed by a mob |
| National Assembly | formed by those locked out of the Estates-General |
| Napoleonic Code | the unified French legal system |
| the higher clergy | included bishops and abbots |
| royalists | those who continued to support the king |
| Czar Alexander II | freed the serfs |
| James Hargreaves | inventor of the spinning jenny |
| John Macdonald | first leader of an independent Canada |
| The Rocket | train connecting Liverpool and Manchester |
| Louis Napoleon | set up the 2nd French Republic |
| Utopians | people who wanted to perfect society |
| flying shuttle | invented by John Kay; made weaving faster |
| Louis-Philippe | the citizen king of 1830 France |
| Giuseppe Mazzini | briefly took over Italy in 1848 |
| collective bargaining | meeting between union leaders and an employer |
| Thomas Malthus | feared population would outgrow food supply |
| Eli Whitney | inventor of the cotton-cleaning machine |
| Victor Emmanuel II | first ruler of a united Italy |
| Prince Metternich | leader of the Congress of Vienna |
| realpolitik | to achieve objectives by any means necessary |
| Robert Owen | built New Ianarck, Scotland as a perfect town |
| entrepreneurs | people who take the risk to start a new business |
| Giuseppe Garibaldi | took over the kingdom of Two Sicilies |
| Napoleon III | lost the second French empire |
| capital | money to invest in labor, materials, and machines |
| Dante | wrote the Inferno |
| vernacular | local versions of the Latin language |
| theocracy | a church-run state |
| Elizabeth I | blended Protestant beliefs and Catholic features in England |
| Machiavelli | author of The Prince |
| Gutenberg | inventor of the printing press |
| Savonarolo | led takeover of the Medici power |
| Brunelleschi | designed dome for Cathedral of Florence |
| Castiglione | wrote The Book of the Courtier |
| Ignatius of Loyola | founder of the Jesuits |
| Durer | German artist known for wood carvings |
| mercenary | someone who fights other people's wars |
| Charles V | leader of the Holy Roman Empire, tried to stop Protestantism |
| Leonardo da Vinci | painter of The Last Supper |
| Puritanism | espoused rejection of Catholic ritual |
| Henry VIII | his divorce precipitated English/Catholic rift |
| Leo X | excommunicated Luther |
| Chaucer | author of The Canterbury Tales |
| Jesuits | established universities throughout Europe |
| Thomas More | author of Utopia |
| Quebec | first permanent French settlement in the Americas |
| Cortes | conquistador who took over Mexico |
| Jesuits | French missionaries |
| Magellan | killed in the Philippines during an attempt at circumnavigation |
| Marco Polo | his stories of China inspired people |
| Atahualpa | Inca emperor who was defeated |
| Cartier | French navigator who explored the St. Lawrence River |
| Tordesillas | treaty that divided the unexplored world in two |
| Bartholomeu Dias | explored the southern tip of Africa |
| Drake | English sea captain who raided Spanish ships |
| Vespucci | man in whose honor America was named |
| Columbus | Italian explorer sponsored by Spain |
| Bartolome de Las Casas | objected to abuse of Native Americans |
| Isabella | sponsored Columbus |
| Vasco de Gama | pioneered water route from Europe to India |
| Moluccas | place where many spices came from |
| Medici | banking family of Florence |
| New Amsterdam | Dutch colony at the mouth of the Hudson |
| Melaka | spice trade center taken by Albuquerque |
| Cabot | Italian who first sailed for England |
| Tudor | England's ruling dynasty from 1485 to 1603 |
| St. Petersburg | Russia's "window to the west" |
| Henry IV | founder of the Bourbon dynasty |
| Boyars | Russian nobles |
| Junkers | German nobles |
| Elizabeth I | monarch who refused to marry |
| Romanov | dynasty that ruled Russia until 1917 |
| El Greco | painter in the Baroque style; used elongated faces |
| John Locke | wrote the Two Treaties on Government |
| Baroque | art inspired by Catholic reformation |
| Miquel de Cervantes | wrote Don Quixote |
| Philip II | Spain's most powerful monarch |
| Versailles | location of Louis XIV's palace |
| Romeo and Juliet; Hamlet | written by William Shakespeare |
| Thomas Hobbes | believed that kings needed to keep power |
| Gian Bernini | completed the St. Peter's Basilica |
| Jean-Baptiste Colbert | economic advisor to Louis XIV |
| Stuart | succeeded the Tudor dynasty |
| Henry VII | first Tudor monarch |
| Hohenzollerns | Prussian rulers and Hapsburg rivals |
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