Cell Unit
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Created by:
hannahsixela on December 11, 2010
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42 terms
Portuguese | English |
|---|---|
 cell membrane |  the homeostatic boundary |
| cytoplasm |  the aqueous solution inside the cell |
| ribosomes |  responsible for assembling proteins based on the instructions from DNA |
| TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope) | provides a 2-D image with over 500,000X magnification |
| SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) | 3-D image up to 100,000 can see surface features |
| lipid bilayer | the lipid bilayer is also called the, "Fluid Mosaic" because it consists of surface markers, proteins, cholesterol, and phospholipids |
| phospholipids | have a polar and hydrophilic head, and non-polar and hydrophobic tail (amphipathic), made of 1 Glycerol, two fatty acid chains, Choline and Phosphate groups |
| integral proteins | proteins that span the entire lipid bilayer from the Extra Cellular Fluid to the , amphipatic proteins |
| peripheral proteins | proteins that lie of the interior or exterior of the cell membrane |
| cell theory | 1.) organisms consist of one or more cells 2.) the cell is the smallest unit of organization that still displays the properties of life 3.) life continues by growth and division of cells KEY IDEA: The cell is the basic unit of life!!! |
| cell wall | there is the primary cell wall there is also the secondary cell wall the cell wall functions in protecting the plant cell and helping the plant cell keep shape, the cell wall is made of cellulose |
| middle lamella | the "sticky glue" that holds the cell together |
| plasmodesmata | "holes" in the cell wall for direct cytoplasmic connection between the cells has a direct connection to the Gap Junctions |
| gap junctions | direct cytoplasmic connection between cells by membrane bound protein channels can have a direct connection to the plasmodesmata opening is left |
| tight junctions | direct connection between animal cells via membrane bound proteins no opening is left, forms a solid wall |
| extra cellular matrix (ECM) | a network of interconnected fibers (collagen) attached to membrance proteins that hold cells together, but still alow space for fluid to move through making it pliable |
| nucleoplasm | the aqueous solution of the nucleus |
| nuclear pore | a "hole" in the nuclear envelope surrounded by proteins to ship large molecules |
| nuclear lamina | protein fiber network lining the inside of the envelope to mantain shape and structure integrity of the nucleus |
| nucleolus | site of ribosomes construction |
| chromatin | DNA and all of it's associated proteins |
| chromosomes | information made of DNA to help the cell, grow, thrive and reproduce |
| gene | a segment of DNA in specific patterns |
| cytoskeleton | fiber network that maintains structure and integrity of the cell with microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments |
| ribosomes | site of protein construction, nucleolus makes ribosomes |
| mitochondria | site of cellular respiration |
| chloroplasts | site of cellular respiration in plants (photosynthesis) |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | has attachment sites for ribosomes and it's function is to ship proteins |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | does not have attachment site for ribosomes, and it's main function is lipid metabolism and toxin removal |
| Golgi bodies (apparatus) | self-contained netowrk of membrane bound "tunnels" responsible for the majority of packaging and shipping in the cell |
| transport vesicles | small membrane bound "bags" of materials formed from the endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, or other organelles to move materials via the endomembrane |
| central vacuole | a very large membrane bound compartment used primarily for the storage of H2O and starch the membrane of the central vacuole is called the tonoplast maintains Turgor pressure |
| food vacuole | very large vesicle in the animal cell used for the storage of organic material food |
| microtubules | have the largest diameter of the three fibers of the cytoskeleton quaternary fiber of tertiary Tublin serves as main "girders" for cells |
| microfilaments | thinnest diameter of the three fibers of the cytoskeleton ex. actin helps put tension on microtubules anchors organelles |
| intermediate filaments | medium diameter of the three fibers of the cytoskeleton helps put on microtubules structure of nuclear lamina |
| lysosomes | vesicles from the Golgi bodies that contain hydrolytic enzymes for digestion they can... a.) digest food b.) destroy invading bacteria c.) destroy damaged cell organelles |
| peroxisomes | a vesicle similar to the lysosome that is self-contained and not derived from endomembranes it is only responsible for degrading toxins, in particular, Hydrogen Peroxide |
| flagella (long)/cilia (short) | 9x2 arrangement of microtubules wrapped in an membrane that "whips" by motor proteins anchored to a 9x3 Basal body |
| microvilli | finger-like folds in the membrane to increase cell surface area for more absorption capabilities |
| pseudopod | breakdown of cytoskeleton to create a membrane bound extension and re-formation of cytoskeleton |
| centrosome | site of microtubule construction animals have two centrioles in a centrosome plants do not have two centrioles in a centrosome |
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