Bacterial Diseases
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Intoxication | Illness where bacterial toxins are ingested from food and/or water. |
| Infection | Illness where live bacterial pathogens are ingested and grow in the body. |
| Incubation Period | The time between consumption of contaminated material and the appearance of disease. |
| What do clinical symptoms and duration of illness depend on? | The toxin or microbe and the infectious dose. |
| What are the five F's of transmission? | Flies, Food, Fingers, Feces, Fomites. |
| Clostridium botulinum | A spore bearing anaerobic bacterium that causes food poisoning. Produces a deadly exotoxin that attacks the nervous system and causes flaccid paralysis. Death is caused 1 - 2 days of symptom onset by respiratory paralysis. |
| What treats Clostridium botulinum? | If treated early, large doses of antitoxins can neutralize the toxin. |
| Where do most outbreaks of Clostridium botulinum occur from? | Home canned foods, or foods eaten cold. |
| What is Infant Botulism? | Floppy baby syndrome occurs frequently when baby is fed honey. |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Causes food poisoning, boils, carbuncles, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, and deep abscesses. Produces a enterotoxin that causes gastroenteritis for several hours. |
| Where do most outbreaks of staphylococcus aureus occur from? | Protein rich foods such as: meat, fish, and dairy. |
| How is the food often contaminated by in an staphylococcus aureus infection? | Boils or abscesses on a handlers skin, sneezing. |
| Shigellosis | Primarily caused by Shigella sonnei. Causes epidemics in the developing world. Bacterial dysentery. Shiga toxin production triggers gastroenteritis. Can lead to fatal dysentery. No vaccine is available. |
| What is Shigellosis caused by? | Contaminated foods such as: Eggs, Vegetables, Shellfish, and Dairy. |
| What is the dose needed to contract Shigellosis? | Fewer then 200 cells of S. sonnei. |
| Cholera | Caused by Vibrio cholerae. Causes enormous fluid and electrolyte loss from watery diarrhea and vomiting with absence of abdominal pain (up to 1L/hour). If untreated, fluid loss thickens the blood causing shock and coma and leading to death. |
| How is Cholera transmitted? | Contaminated water or raw oysters. |
| How is Cholera treated? | Antibiotics and restoration of water and electrolytes. Vaccine is available with dead V. cholerae. |
| Escherichia Diarrheas | Part of normal flora. But certain serotypes are pathogenic such as E. coli 0157. Causes travelers diarrhea. Transmission occurs fecal-oral route. |
| Campylobacteriosis | Most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States. Caused by campylobacter jejuni through the fecal-oral route usually by poultry or dairy. Colonization is 2 - 7 day incubation period. |
| How are streptococci divided? | Alpha-hemolytic or Beta-hemolytic by how they effect sheeps red blood cells, or variants of CHO in the cell wall. |
| What is the most common streptococci species? | Streptococci pyogenes. |
| What effects the pathogenicity of Streptococci pyogenes? | Enhanced by the M protein that adheres pharyngeal tissue and retards phaygocytosis. |
| What does Streptococci pyogenes cause? | Strep throat. |
| How does Streptococci pyogenes enter the body? | Through the upper respiratory tract through respiratory droplets. |
| What can some patients with Strep throat develop later? | Scarlet Fever. |
| How does Scarlet Fever present? | A rash that is caused by erythrogenic exotoxins. |
| How can Strep Throat and Scarlet Fever be treated? | Antibiotics. |
| What is Rheumatic Fever? | A serious complication affecting the joints and heart. It causes permanent damage called rheumatic heart disease. |
| What is Acute Glomerulnephritis? | A rare inflammatory response in response to M proteins that may lead to renal damage. |
| Pertussis | Whooping cough-- highly contagious. Bordatella pertussis is spread by respiratory droplet transmission. Toxin paralyzes the cilated cells of the respiratory tract. Patients experience multiple paroxysms of coughs, followed by inhalation of breath that sounds like a "whoop". Number of cases has been rising since 1981. |
| How is Pertussis treated? | Erythromycin reduces the duration and severity of illness. A vaccine is available containing the B. pertussis chemical extracts rather then killed cells. |
| What are the different bacteria that cause Pneumonia? | Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophillus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae. |
| What is the main bacteria that causes 80% of pneumonia? | Streptococcus pneumoniae. Acquired through aerosolized droplets or contact. |
| What can Pneumococcal pneumonia involve? | An entire lung lobe (lobar pneumonia), both lungs (double pneumonia), or patches in the respiratory passageways (bronchopneumonia). |
| What can Haemophilus influenzae cause? | Typical pneumonia or otitis media sinusitis. |
| What type of pneumonia can Staphylococcu auerus cause? | Hospital acquired form of pneumonia, or may result in necrotizing pneumonia. |
| What type of pneumonia does Mycoplasma pneumoniae cause? | Primary atypical pneumonia, often called walking pneumonia. Has no sensitivity to penicillin because it has no cell wall. |
| Tuberculosis | Major cause of death world wide. 2 million people die every year globally. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-- enters the respiratory tract in small aerosolized droplets. 90% of people who carry latent TB will never develop an active infection and may never know they are infected. Sputum may contain blood. Macrophages accumulate in the lung and form tubercles. |
| How long does it take for clinical TB to develop? | Within 3 months, and can be transmitted to others. |
| Milary Tuberculosis | Development of active tubercles throughout the body. |
| What test can be used for early detection of TB exposure? | THe tuberculin reaction in the Mantoux test. |
| Scalded Skin Syndrome | Involves red, wrinkled, tender, and peeling skin Usually occurs in immunocompromised people. - S. auerus. |
| Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) | Characterized with a sudden fever, and cirulatory collapse. Use of tampons is associated by not the only cause. |
| Folliculitis | Infection at the base of a hair follicle. |
| Abscess | Cricumscribed puss-filled lesion. |
| Furuncle (Boil) | Warm, painful abscess beneath the skin surface. |
| Carbuncles | A group of connected, deeper abscesser trasmitted by skin contact. |
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