Ch. 6
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Created by:
livingston23 on December 11, 2010
Subjects:
Classes:
UBCO - PSYO 343 Psychopathology
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22 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 acute stress disorder | New in DSM-IV, a short-lived anxiety reaction to a traumatic event; if it lasts more than a month, it is diagnosed as post-traumatic stress disorder |
| agoraphobia | a cluster of fears centring on being in open spaces and leaving the home. It is often linked to panic disorder |
| anxiety | an unpleasant feeling of fear and apprehension accompanied by increased physiological arousal. In learning theory, it is considered a drive that mediates between a threatening situation and avoidance behaviour. Anxiety can be assessed by self-report, by measuring physiological arousal, and by observing overt behaviour |
| anxiety disorders | disorders in which fear or tension is overriding and the primary disturbance: phobic disorders, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, acute stress disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. These disorders form a major category in DSM-IV and cover most of what used to be referred to as the neuroses. |
| anxiety sensitivity | a cognitive preoccupation that involves a fear of fear itself and thus contributes to a heightened sense of panic |
| anxiolytics | tranquilizers; drugs that reduce anxiety |
| autonomic lability | tendency for the autonomic nervous system to be easily aroused |
| compulsion | the irresistible impulse to repeat an irrational act over and over |
| depersonalization | an alteration in perception of the self in which the individual loses a sense of reality and feels estranged from the self and perhaps seperated from the body. It may be a temporary reaction to stress and fatigue or part of panic disorder, depersonalization disorder, or schizophrenia |
| derealization | loss of the sense that the surroundings are real; present in several psychological disorders, such as panic disorder, depersonalization disorder, and shizophrenia |
| flooding | a behaviour therapy procedure in which a fearful person is exposed to what is frightening, in reality or imagination; for extended periods of time and without opportunity for escape |
| generalized anxiety disorder | anxiety that is so chronic, persistent, and pervasive that it seems free-floating. The individual is jittery and strained, distractible, and worried that something bad is about to happen. A pounding heart, fast pulse and breathing, sweating, flushing, muscle aches, a lump in the throat, and an upset, gastrointestinal tract are some of the bodily indications of this extreme anxiety |
| homework in vivo exposure | an exercise at home that requires the phobic person to be exposed to the highly feared stimulus or situation |
| obsession | an intrusive and recurring thought that seems irrational and uncontrollable to the person experiencing it |
| obsessive-complulsive disorder (OCD) | an anxiety disorder in which the mind is flooded with persistent and uncontrollable thoughts or the individual is compelled to repeat certain acts again and again, causing significant distress and interference with everyday functioning |
| panic disorder | an anxiety disorder in which the individual has sudden and inexplicable attacks of jarring symptoms, such as difficulty breathing, heart palpitations, dizziness, trembling, terror, and feelings of impending doom. In DSM-IV, it is said to occur with or without agoraphobia |
| phobia | an anxiety disorder in which there is intense fear and avoidance of specific objects and situations, recognized as irrational by the individual |
| post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | an anxiety disorder in which a particularily stressful event, such as military combat, rape, or a natural disaster, brings in its aftermath intrusive re-experiencings of the trauma, a numbing of responsiveness to the outside world, estrangement from others, a tendency to be easily startled, and nightmares, recurrent dreams, and otherwise disturbed sleep |
| social phobia | a collection of fears linked to the presence of other people |
| specific phobia | an unwarranted fear and avoidance of a specific object or circumstance; for example fear of nonpoisonous snakes or fear of heights |
| vicarious learning | learning by observing the reactions of others to stimuli or by listening to what they say |
| virtual reality (VR) exposure | a treatment for phobias using omputer-generated graphics and sound to construct an experience similar to one that a patient fears |
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