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Created by:
AvalonQian on December 11, 2010
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these are only a part but the ones i had most trouble with
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69 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 agricultural revolution | The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering |
| anabaptists | A Protestant sect that believed only adults could make a free choice regarding religion; they also advocated pacifism, separation of church and state, and democratic church organization. |
| antiquity | ancient times; a thing or people of ancient times; the quality of being ancient |
| aristocrats | People of the highest class of society who held inherited titles. They were often part of the ruling class in government. |
| artisans | skilled workers who make goods by hand |
| peace of augsburg | A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that granted legal recognition of Lutheranism in Germany. |
| confession of augsburg | 1530 Meeting that formulated official Protestant Lutherian thought. |
| baroque art | art that originated in Rome and is associated with the Catholic Reformation, characterized by emotional intensity, strong self-confidence, spirit |
| bishops | heads of the Catholic Church in major cities |
| Giovanni Boccaccio | Petrach's student and friend who pioneered in Humanism. He's famous for his Decameron and for being an avid collector of manuscripts, assembling an encyclopedia of Greek and Roman Mythology. |
| Botticelli | One of the leading painters of the Florentine renaissance, developed a highly personal style. The Birth of Venus |
| Brunelleschi | Florentine architect who was the first great architect of the Italian Renaissance (1377-1446) |
| Bruni | his New Cicero indentified "classical Latin" as well as the foundations of civic humanism |
| Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. (250) |
| Christendom | That part of the world where Christianity is generally professed. |
| Church of England | Anglican church, Church created in England as a result of a political dispute between Henry VIII and the Pope, Pope would not let Henry divorce his wife |
| Counter Reformation | the reform movement within the roman catholic church whose goals were to abolish abuses and reaffirm traditional beliefs |
| Dark Ages | the period of history between classical antiquity and the Italian Renaissance |
| Diet of Worms | This was the conference that Charles V called to bring Martin Luther to speak |
| Erasmus | Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe |
| Natural Rights | rights that belong to all human beings from birth |
| empiricism | medical practice and advice based on observation and experience in ignorance of scientific findings |
| Epistemology | the philosophical theory of knowledge |
| Geocentric Model | The idea that Earth is at the center of the solar system |
| Copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543) |
| Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630) |
| Benedictine rule | rules for monks 1. monks take a vow of poverty 2. oath of chastity 3. prayer |
| Levaithan | Noun/Adjective: Something that is large and hard to control. |
| Albigensians | a heretical sect that rejected orthodox doctrine on the relationship of God and man, the scaraments, the clerical hierarchy |
| Two treatises of government | A book written by John Locke which stated details about natural rights and that people were born with and entitled to life, liberty, and property. |
| Thomas Cramner | archbishop of Canterbury who encouraged the church of England and married Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII |
| Acts of Supremacy | Act of 15534 proclaiming Henry VIII "the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England." |
| Giotto | An artist who led the way into realism; his treatment of the human body and face replaced the formal stiffness and artificiality that had long characterized the representation of the human body |
| Guises | a great noble family in France under Catholic leadership |
| Bourbons | Another powerful family in the south and west of France. In league with the Montmorency-Chatillon, the Bourbons supported the Huguenot protesters to battle the Guises for political reasons. |
| Holding Company | a form of business which does not create anything itself; instead, it owns the stock of companies that do produce goods |
| Homage | Honor or respect shown publicly |
| Hundred Years War | Series of campaigns over control of the throne of France, involving English and French royal families and French noble families. |
| Elect | the belief that you have to be chosen and are an elect group of people; predestination |
| Mennonites | : founded by Dutch leader Menno Simmons became descendants of Anabaptists and emphasized pacifism. |
| John Wycliff | Criticized the church & believed in personal interpretation of scripture. Together with Jan Hus he set the stage for the Protestant Reformation. |
| Lollards | An English Protestant sect that stressed individual reading and interpretation of the Bible. founded by john wycliff |
| Schmalkaldic League | protestant alliance formed by Lutherans against the Holy Roman Empire |
| Innocent III | pope from 1198 to 1216 and led the papacy to its height in power...he was a skilled diplomat and a great political leader...he believed that emperors and kings were servant of the church.. he dominated almost all of Europe |
| Letter of Credit | a document issued by a bank that guarantees the payment of a customer's draft |
| Niccolo Machiavelli | (1469-1527) Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. "End justifies the means." |
| Masaccio | Painter in the renaissance; expulsion of adam and eve; The Holy Trinity |
| Protestant Ethic | Sociological term used to define the Calvinist belief in hard work to illustrate selection in elite group |
| Jan Hus | The leader of the Czech religious reforms, and the spiritual founder of the Protestant reformation in the 1500's. He was convicted by the Council of Constance for heresy. |
| Poor Men of Lyons | Waldensians group that traveled and preached. |
| Michelangelo | Florentine sculptor and painter and architect; sistine chapel |
| Locke | author of Two Treatises of Government ; believed that it was the duty of governent to protect the citizens' "natural rights" |
| Missionaries | people who work to spread their religious beliefs |
| Monasticism | a way of life in which men and women withdraw from the rest of the world in order to devote themselves to their faith |
| Palazzo del Signori | "old palace". It was celebrated for the way it blended beauty and a defensive posture. It was in Florence. |
| Peasant's Revolt | a series of uprisings by German peasants against their landowners. over 130,000 peasants were killed |
| Petrarch | (1304-1374) Father of the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak in the development of human civilization. |
| Prince Frederick | man who protected and sheltered Luther, going against the Edict of Worms; he saved Luther and Protestantism |
| Philip II of Spain | king of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I |
| Northern Renaissance | Emphasized Critical Thinking, Developed Christian Humanism criticizing the church & society, Painting/ Woodcuts/Literature |
| Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches |
| Republic | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them |
| Signory | The position of a one feudal leader. |
| Social Mobility | a change in position within the social hierarchy |
| Ulrich Zwingli | Swiss theologian whose sermons began the Reformation in Switzerland (1484-1531) |
| Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) |
| Age of Reason | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions |
| Civil Society | a complex network of voluntary associations, economic groups, religious organizations, and many other kinds of groups that exist independent of government |
| Dominicans | founded by St. Dominic de Guzman; vows of poverty; stressed missionary work; preached gospel and fought heresy |
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