1282 Final Endocrine
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16 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hyperthyroidism | high metabolism; women more than men, 20-40 yrs; heat intolerance, weight loss, anxiety, irritability, infrequent menstrual periods, brisk tendon reflexes, increase HR and afib |
| hypothyroidism | slow metabolism; women>men, 30-70 yrs; cold intolerance, weight gain, fatigue, heavy menstrual periods, slow tendon reflexes, decreased temp, decreased HR |
| hypo tx | within 1 months energy returns, voice improves, temp better normalized; cholesterol and TSH normalized within 5 months; goal is to restore normal metab |
| synthroid | taken in the morning with large glass or water and eat an hour after taking; synthetic T4; life long replacement therapy |
| hyper tx | restore normal metabolism; radioactive iodine destroys gland; anti-thyroid medications; surgery chosen if cancer; don't want to remove parathyroid, leads to ca 2+ imbalance (tetany) and carpal pedal spasms |
| grave's disease | hyperthyroid with 3 major manifestations: goiter, bulging eyes, orange peel skin; more frequent in women |
| thyrotoxic crisis | thyroid storm; sudden, excessive increase in signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism; extreme irritability, fever, tachycardia; place in room w/ limited stimulation and administer anti-thyroid meds |
| diabetes insipidus | disorder of posterior pituitary; caused by decreased release of ADH; fluid intake governed by thirst, ADH tells kidneys to concentrate urine; this occurs when this precise system for regulating the kidney's handling of fluids is disrupted |
| DI sx | massive diuresis (5-20L/day); polydipsia, polyuria, urine specific gravity of water; fatigue and weakness, hypovolemia |
| DI treatment | iv fluids; correct underlying problem; replace ADH long term; DDAVP (desmopressin) prevents water excretion; wear medic alert |
| Addison's disease | adrenal failure; can result from long term corticosteroid use when abruptly withdrawn; oral steroids suppress gland function; causes gland to atrophy developing acute insufficiency; HPA axis/negative feedback |
| Addison's disease sx | potentially lethal, highly treatable; weakness, fatigue, weight loss, NV, low sodium, high K; mental status changes, apathy, confusion; hypotension |
| Addison's tx | IV hydrocortisone; IV fluid/lytes; protect from temp extremes; quiet environment, no stress |
| Cushing's syndrome | hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure of the body's tissues to high levels of the hormone cortisol; body produces too much cortisol (pituitary or adrenal tumor); iatrogenic from oral steroids |
| Cushing's sx | osteoporosis; muscle weakness, fatigue; easy bruising, diabetes mellitus, emotional liability, excess tissue neck (buffalo hump) |
| Cushing's tx | remove tumor, reduce corticosteroid dose if possible; watch for signs of infection, delayed healing; monitor bone density, explain may cause emotional problems, recognize when dosage may need to be increased, taper as prescribed |
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