AP Art History-Final Exam flashcards

Terms	Definitions
fibula	decorative pin used to fasten a cloak or cape
cloisonné	enamel work; glass on a metal base
Sutton Hoo purse cover	625 CE Suffolk, England -from Sutton Hoo burial...ship used as coffin (transportation to the next world) -red and gold (power colors) >>geometric elements, animal motifs (birds and lions), and curved, linear interlace become characteristic -symbolism as a way to communicate -ducks and eagles attacking, man b/w two lions fending them off >> POWER
Merovingian (Frankish) fibula	mid 6th century France -made from gold, garnets, and enamel (cloisonné) -functional, but decorative -geometric curved lines that resolve in circles forming eyes of animals -abstract zoomorphic motifs -fish>>Christianity -birds (eagles)>>power -animal style art was the dominant trend from 5-9th centuries
St. Matthew page, Book of Durrow	660-680 Scotland -pattern, interlace on boarder and on cloak -no classical sense of body -Matthew
carpet page, Lindisfarne Gospels	697-721 England -carpet page -repetition and symmetry (dynamic tension, state of equilibrium) -minerals for color are expensive and must be imported; gold leaf also expensive -intricate...took a long time to produce. Production regarded as a form of meditation/worship...done to glorify God -interlace is symbolic of eternity...also is a trap for evil -many animal motifs...more subdued
Chi Rho Iota page, Book of Kells	late 8th or early 9th century Scotland -not a carpet page...words -repeated curves and interlace -Jesus in center (blonde) -animals: -otter -cats with mice (mice=evil...eating communion bread, cats are going to attack! Good v. Evil) -4 evangelists
High Cross of Muiredach	923 Ireland -exception to small items and manuscripts -grave marker -celtic cross -episodes of Jesus' life west: crucifixion (sunset) east: resurrection (sunrise)
Charlamagne equestrian sculpture	9th century France -Roman equestrians, but now SMALL...tabletop size -cross, orb -bronze...metal (like earlier Middle Age)
Coronation Gospels	800-810 Germany -shaped by COLOR -drapery...see his body -illusionism and realism, naturalistic
Ebbo Gospels	816-835 France -shaped by LINE -adapt Roman stuff...but proportions are wrong and it's not very naturalistic -in front of a landscape (perspective, illusionism) -lines are diagonal>>dynamic...especially b/c it changes diagonal -emotional/expressive
Lindau Gospels	870 Switzerland -manuscripts=a HUGE investment...protect them! -front: Jesus' crucifixion, angels crying -back (pictured): butterfly (resurrection), 4 heads=4 gospels, lots of interlace in the wings
Palatine Chapel, Aachen	792-805 Aachen, Germany -Roman semicircular arch...big open space in the middle...enclosing large volumes of space (Roman) -columns literally=Roman -1st stine vaulted builing in centuries
Bronze doors, St. Michael's, Hildesheim	1015 Germany -commissioned by Bishop Bernward -16' tall -symbolic (Middle Age population was mostly illiterate) -shows key stories of Christian doctrine left: fall of man (sinfulness, expulsion serpant=lizard...top to bottom) right: salvation (annunciation to resurection...bottom to top)
Column of Bishop Bernward	1015-1022 Germany -originally guess a crucifix adorned the top -tells stories of Jesus NOT told on the door -influence of Trajan's Column!! -bronze
Gero Crucifix	970 Cologne, Germany -wood -large scale -German expressionism>>emotional, dramatic -very graphic (earlier, crucifixion never shown)...martyrdom...inspire
Hiberno Saxon	(aka Insular) an art style that flourished in the monasteries of the British Isles in the early Middle Ages
carpet page	In early medieval manuscripts, a decorative page without any text
Matthew	angel (earlier a man)
Mark	lion
Luke	ox
John	eagle
chi rho iato	XPI, monogram, Greek for Christ
celtic cross	cross with a ring surrounding the intersection
Carolingian Era	700-900, associated with Charlamagne who wanted to revive Roman imperial artistic traditions
renovatio	renevalto; renewal, renovation, restoration of the Roman empire...renew tradition, not copy
Ottonian	900-1000; evolved during the reign of the "Otto's". Inspired by carolingian and byzantine architecture. Found in Germany.
Romanesque	1050-1200, "Roman-like." A term to describe the history, culture, and art of medieval western Europe.
St. Sernin	1070-1120 France -monastery of town -pilgrimage site (to visit relics)>>effects architecture...more room for more people -basilican w/transept, cruciform -two aisles (more room)...aisles direct traffic to chapels, keep out of the way of service -radiating chapels -crossing (where altar is)=square...dimensions set proportions for the rest of the church -no lights>>few wall decorations
Church of St. Pierre, Miossac	1115-1135 Miossac, France -portal -Christ in Majesty...throned, usually judge at the las judgement -surounded by angels -row of Old Testament figure...Jesus is fulfillment
Church of St. Pierre, prohet	1115-1130 Miossac, France -Jeremiah? -body is more of a pattern that physical body -lots of angles...forms X -floating -elongated
Church of La Madeline, Vezelay	1120-1132 France -Jeus is central -Pentecost (sending out apostles to spread the faith) -infidels on lintel -outer achivolt shows figures of different labor activities...labors of the months >ackowledgment of society >applicability of Christianity throughout the year -in between labors are signs of the zodiac >all times and all people for Christianity
Moralia of Job	1115-1125 France -historiated initial -knight=good Christian soldier v. evil
Morgan Madonna	12th century France -small 3D object, appear later -image of Mary with Jesus as a baby -for private use -owned by J. P. Morgan -Jesus is both human and divine, baby with adult proportions and features -emphasis on line and pattern...pleats on her arm, linear pattern
Pisa	1063-1174 Pisa, Italy -Leaning Tower=a bell tower (ITALIAN) -rounded arches -fairly plain -few windows -baptistry (as move up, more decorative) -cruciform with a dome at the crossing (ITALIAN)
St. Entienne, Caen	1067 Caen, France -Norman style -towers are more decorative, still plain -divided into 3 (frames are buttresses) -lots of 3! -ribs help to distribute weight
Durham	1093 Durham, England -Norman style -later...fancier -ribs are visible -rose window -designs on columns -alternate support system
Bayeaux Tapestry	1070-1080 France -not actually a tapestry...embroidered -largest surviving secular work of art -tells Battle of Hastings: William the conqueror conquers England, brother (bishop) commissions -contemporary event...tells why won the battle -propaganda, shows moral justification for victory -made by nuns
Gothic	1140-1500 Originally dero, a style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by height, pointed arches, flying buttresses, and light
St. Denis	1140-1144 Saint-Denis, France -church of patron saint of France -pilgrimage place, where kings are buried ...rebuild, Suger wants to reflect grandeur, surround by beauty to become closer to God -pointed arches and ribs>>more windows!
Chartres	1145-1155 Chartres, France -best example or early Gothic architecture -two different towers -3 portals, rose window, lancets -pointed arches, ribs, and maze on the floor (journey of a pilgrim) -windows use primary colors, Mary=blue, Jesus=red -remove stained glass -south transept is 60-70 yrs later, more realistic...almost contrapposto
Chartres, jambs	1145-1155 Chartres, France -look very Romanesque -depicts Old Testament Queens and Kings -very straight and cylindrical -figures are more 3D -not naturalistic yet
Laon	1190 Laon, France -early, undecorated around windows -rose window, 2 tall towers (FRENCH)
Laon, interior	1190 Laon, France -4 division>>added a triphorium, fills the space because it's taller (later find ways to fill the space...doesn't last long...make other parts larger)
Notre Dame, Paris	1163-1225 Notre-Dame -flying buttresses (support only at need, thinner walls, more windows
Amiens	1220 France -towers different sizes -later, more decoration, sculpture expanding past the portals -one of tallest! -lots of sculpture in the portals
Ameins, Beau Dieu	1220-1225 France -more realistic physical form -almost separate from architectural setting -beautiful God (v. Romanesque judge...now blessing) >trying to draw people into the church -standing on a lion and a dragon (Christianity overcomes secular and evil)
Reims, jamb statues	1220-1255 France -more detached -2 pairs by two different artists -anunciation
St. Chapelle	1243-1248 Paris, France -basically no walls...3/4 are windows
Virgin of Paris	early 14th century Paris, France -kind of contrapposto...Gothic "S" curve -Jesus=more baby like...proportions are better -more emotional
Salisbury	1320-1330 England -lower height -longer -fewer flying buttresses -no rose window -2 transepts
Gloucester	1332-1357 England -fanned vaulting
radiating chapels	In medieval churches, chapels for the display of relics that opened directly onto the ambulatory and the transept; "radiate" out of the apse
Church of St Lazare, Autun	1120-1135 -France -by Gislebertus (only portions, but designer) -Jesus is central and LARGE -last judgement -heaven=left, damned=far right in "hell mouth" -written inscription..."may this frighten those..." -seams camouflaged -extenuation of figures and emphasis on pattern (=Romanesque)
campanile	freestanding bell tower, common in Italy
Madonna	representation of the Virgin, usually with the infant Jesus
lux nova	("new light") the colored light that pours in through stained glass windows
rose window	a circular stained-glass window
lancet window	a tall, narrow window crowned by a sharply pointed arch
tracery	ornamental stonework for holding stained glass in place
Cycladic Figurine of a Woman
Cycladic male lyre player
Palace at Knossos (Minoan)
La Parisienne (Minoan)
Fisherman Fresco (Minoan)
Bull-Leaping Fresco (Minoan)
Spring Fresco (Minoan)
Minoan Pottery (Minoan)
Snake Goddess (Minoan)
Harvesters Vase (Minoan)
Citadel at Tiryns (Mycenean)
Lion Gate, Mycenae
Treasury of Atreus (Mycenean)
Funerary Mask ("Mask of Agamemnon") (Mycenean)
inlaid dagger blade (Mycenean)
Warriors Vase (Mycenean)
Palette of Narmer (Early Dynastic Periods) (Egypt)
Stepped Pyramid of Djoser (IMHOTEP) (Early Dynastic Periods) (Egypt)
Pyramids at Gizeh (Old Kingdom) (Egypt)
Sphinx (Old Kingdom) (Egypt)
Khafre (Old Kingdom) (Egypt)
Menkaure (Old Kingdom) (Egypt)
Seated Scribe (Old Kingdom) (Egypt)
Rahotep and Nofret (Old Kingdom) (Egypt)
Ti and the Hippopotamaus Hunt (Old Kingdom) (Egypt)
Hatshepsut's Temple (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Hatshepsut (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Karnak (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Fowling scene, Tomb of Nebamun (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Garden of Nebamun (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Akhenaton (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Nefertiti (THUTMOSE) (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Queen Tiye (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Akhenaton and Family (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
Book of the Dead (New Kingdom) (Egypt)
White Temple, Uruk (Sumerian) (Ancient Near East)
Warka Vase (Sumerian) (Ancient Near East)
Eshnunna Statuettes (Sumerian) (Ancient Near East)
Standard of Ur (Sumerian) (Ancient Near East)
bull lyre (Sumerian) (Ancient Near East)
Akkadian king (Akkadian) (Ancient Near East)
Stele of Nara-sim (Akkadian) (Ancient Near East)
Ziggurat at Ur (Neo-Sumeriain) (Ancient Near East)
Gudea (Neo-Sumerian) (Ancient Near East)
Stele of Hammurabi (Babylonian Art) (Ancient Near East)
citadel of Sargon II (Assyrian) (Ancient Near East)
lamassu (Assyrian) (Ancient Near East)
lion hunt relief (Assyrian) (Ancient Near East)
Ishtar Gate (Neo-Babylonian) (Ancient Near East)
Persepolis (Persian Art) (Ancient Near East)
Geometric Diplon Krater (Geometric) (Greece)
Hero and Centaur (Geometric) (Greece)
Mantiklos Apollo (Orientalizing) (Greece)
Lady of Auxerre (Orientalizing) (Greece)
New York Kouros (Archaic) (Greece)
Calf Bearer (Archaic) (Greece)
Kroisos (Archaic) (Greece)
Peplos Kore (Archaic) (Greece)
Temple of Hera (Archaic) (Greece)
Temple of Artemis (Archaic) (Greece)
Temple of Aphaia (Early Classical) (Greece)
(West) Dying Warrior (Archaic) (Greece)
(East) Dying Warrior (Early Classical) (Greece)
Pediment sculptures, Temple of Zeus (Early Classical) (Greece)
Kritios Boy (Early Classical) (Greece)
Riace Warrior (Early Classical) (Greece)
Zeus (Classical) (Greece)
Diskobolos (MYRON) (Classical) (Greece)
Doryphoros (POLYKLEITOS) (Classical) (Greece)
Parthenon (IKTINOS & KALLIKRATES, PHIDIAS) (Classical) (Greece)
Erechtheion (Classical) (Greece)
Temple of Athena Nike (Classical) (Greece)
Stele of Hegeso (Classical) (Greece)
Aphrodite of Knidos (PRAXITELES) (Late Classical) (Greece)
Hermes and Dionysus (PRAXITELES?) (Late Classical) (Greece)
grave stele of a young hunter (Late Classical) (Greece)
Apoxymenos (LYSIPPOS) (Late Classical) (Greece)
Weary Herakles (Late Classical) (Greece)
Battle of Issus (PHILOXENOS OF ERETRIA) (Hellenistic) (Greece)
Altar of Zeus, Pergamon (Hellenistic) (Greece)
Dying Gaul (Hellenistic) (Greece)
Nike of Samothrace (Hellenistic) (Greece)
Venus de Milo (ALEXANDROS OF ANTIOCH-ON-THE-MEANDER) (Hellenistic) (Greece)
Babernini Faun (Hellenistic) (Greece)
Seated Boxer (Hellenistic) (Greece)
old market woman (Hellenistic) (Greece)
Laocoon and Sons (ATHANADOROS, HAGESANDROS, & POLYDOROS OF RHODES) (Hellenistic) (Greece)
Temple of Portunus (Republic) (Rome)
Temple of Sibyl (Republic) (Rome)
Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia (Republic) (Rome)
Head of a Roman Patrician (Republic) (Rome)
Forum - Pompeii (Republic) (Rome)
Amphitheater - Pompeii (Republic) (Rome)
First Style Painting (Rome)
Second Style Painting (Rome)
Third Style Painting (Rome)
Fourth Style Painting (Rome)
Portrait of a Husband and Wife (Rome)
Still Life with Peaches (Rome)
mosaics (Rome)
Augustus Primaporta (Early Empire) (Rome)
Ara Pacis Augustae (Early Empire) (Rome)
Maison Carree (Early Empire) (Rome)
Pont du Gard (Early Empire) (Rome)
Colosseum (Early Empire) (Rome)
Arch of Titus (Early Empire) (Rome)
Timgad (High Empire) (Rome)
Trajan's Column (High Empire) (Rome)
Arch of Trajan (High Empire) (Rome)
Pantheon (High Empire) (Rome)
Hadrian's Villa (High Empire) (Rome)
Marcus Aurelius (High Empire) (Rome)
Caracella (Late Empire) (Rome)
Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus (Late Empire) (Rome)
Tetrarchs (Late Empire) (Rome)
Arch of Constantine (Late Empire) (Rome)
Basilica Nova (Late Empire) (Rome)
Colossus of Constantine (Late Empire) (Rome)
Robed Male Figure (Indus Valley Civilization)
male torso from Harappa (Indus Valley Civilization)
Harappan seals (Indus Valley Civilization)
Ashokan pillar (Mauryan Dynasty)
Sarnath Capital (Mauryan Dynasty)
Great Stupa at Sanchi (Buddhism)
Toranas at Sanchi (Buddhism)
yakshi (Buddhism)
Chaitya hall at Karli (Buddhism)
Ajanta caves (Buddhism)
Buddha (Gandhara style) (Buddhism)
Buddha (Mathuran style) (Buddhism)
Vishnu as Boar Avatar (Hinduism)
Shiva from Elephanta (Hinduism)
Vishnu Temple, Deogard (Hinduism)
Mamallapuram (Hinduism)
Descent of the Ganges (Hinduism)
Shiva Nataraja (Hinduism)
Borobudur (Buddhism)
Angkor Wat (Hinduism)
Neolithic Pottery (Neolithic) (China)
Shang Bronzes (Shang) (China)
Sanxingdui standing figure (contemporary with Shang) (China)
Zhou jade bi (Zhou) (China)
Qin Terra cotta warriors (Qin) (China)
Han funeral banner (Han) (China)
Han flying horse (Han) (China)
Bronze Buddha (Age of Disunity) (China)
Longmen Caves (Tang) (China)
Pagoda (Tang) (China)
Tang ceremic horse (Tang) (China)
Night Shinning White (Tang) (China)
Travelers Among Mountains and Streams (FAN KUAN) (Song) (China)
Viewing Plum Blossoms by Moonlight (Song) (China)
On a Mountain Path in Spring (Song) (China)
Jomon ceremics (Jomon) (Japan)
bronze dotaku (Yayoi) (Japan)
dogu (Yayoi) (Japan)
kofun (Kofun) (Japan)
haniwa (Kofun) (Japan)
Ise Shrine (Kofun) (Japan)
Horyu-ji (Nara) (Japan)
Shaka Triad (TORI BUSHI) (Nara) (Japan)
Tale of Genji scrolls (Heian) (Japan)
Priest of Shunjobo Chogen (Kamakura) (Japan)
Burning of Sanjo Palace (Kamakura) (Japan)
Catacomb of Sts. Peter and Macellinus (Rome) (Early Christian)
Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus (Rome) (Early Christian)
(Old) St. Peter's Church (Rome) (Early Christian)
Santa Sabina (Rome) (Early Christian)
Santa Costanza (Rome) (Early Christian)
Galla Placidia (Ravena) (Early Christian)
Good Shepherd Mosaic, Galla Placidia (Early Christian)
Loaves and Fish Mosaic (Early Christian)
Hagia Sophia (ANTHEMIUS OF TRALLES & ISIDORUS OF MILETUS) (Justinian) (Early Byzantine) (Byzantium)
San Vitale (Early Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Justinian Mosaic, San Vitale (Early Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Theodora Mosaic, San Vitale (Early Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Transfiguration Mosaic, St. Apollinare (Early Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Transfiguration Mosaic, Mt. Sinai (Early Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Barbernini Ivory (Early Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Michael and the Archangel diptych (Early Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Theotokos and Child with Saints (Middle Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Christ and Pantokrater mosaic (Middle Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Crucifixion Mosaic, Daphni (Middle Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Paris Psalter (Middle Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Virgin of Vladimir icon (Middle Byzantine) (Byzantium)
Dome of the Rock (Islamic)
Great Mosque, Damascus (Islamic)
Great Mosque, Kairouan (Islamic)
Minaret, Samarra (Islamic)
Great Mosque, Cordoba (Islamic)
Quran page (Islamic)
Mosque of Selim (SENIN) (Selim II) (Islamic)
Great Mosque, Isfahan (Islamic)
mihrab (Islamic)
Great Pyramid, La Venta (Olmec) (Americas)
colossal head (Olmec) (Americas)
jade celt (Olmec) (Americas)
Teotihuacan (Teotihuacan) (Americas)
Pyramid of the Sun (Teotihuacan) (Americas)
Citadel; Temple of the Feathered Serpant (Teotihuacan) (Americas)
Stele D, Copan (Maya) (Americas)
ball court (Maya) (Americas)
Temple of the Giant Jaguar, Tikal (Maya) (Americas)
Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc (Maya) (Americas)
Temple of Kukulcan, Chichen Itza (Maya) (Americas)
chacmool, Chichen Itza (Maya) (Americas)
pipe (Adena) (Americas)
Cahokia, Monks' Mound (Mississippians) (Americas)
Serpant Mound (Mound Builders) (Americas)
shell gorget (Mississippians) (Americas)
Pueblo Bonito (Ancestral Puebloans) (Americas)
Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde (Ancestral Puebloans) (Americas)
Nok Sculptures (Nok) (African)
Ife Ruler (Ife) (African)
Djenne terra cotta archer (Djenne) (African)
Djenne Friday Mosque (Djenne) (African)
Beta Giorghis (Ethiopia) (African)
Great Zimbabwe (Great Zimbabwe) (African)
bird monoliths (Great Zimbabwe) (African)
iyoba mask (Benin) (African)
oba heads (Benin) (African)
Benin Altar to the Hand and Arm (Benin) (African)
Benin plaques (Benin) (African)