AP Euro Unit 4
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Which of the following is true of the scientific revolution? | It was not rapid |
| The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by | Kepler |
| He published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejecte the notion of an earth-centered universe | Nicolaus Copernicus |
| In the early sixteenth century, the standard explanation of the place of the earth in the heavens combined to the works of | Ptolemy and Aristotle |
| Which of the following is true of Johannes Kepler | he was a strict copernican |
| He addressed the issue of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries: | Isaac Newton |
| Newton was a mathematical genius, but before he upheld a theory he though it should be | tested to see if it was what he actually observed |
| Although he invented analytical geometry, his most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deduction - reasoning from general principal to arrive at specific facts | René Descartes |
| Descartes divided existing things into two categories, body and ... | mind |
| Hobbes saw human beings as | self-centered, power-hungry creatures. |
| In Locke's view, the relationship between rulers and the governed had as its foundation | trust |
| Maria Winklemann made her contributions in the field of | astronomy |
| The Catholic Church admitted that errors had occurred in the 1633 trial of Galileo in | 1992 |
| Which of the following groups was not a common target of the witch hunts | noble women |
| in the sixteenth century, midwifery was a trade often pursued by | elderly or widowed women |
| the two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were | Locke and Newton |
| This nation was significantly freer than any other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment | England |
| Philosphes criticized the Christian Church for all the following except | taking too limited a role in national politics |
| the two major points in the Deists' creed were | the belief in an afterlife dependent upon one's earthly actions and the existence of a rational God |
| The 18th century philosopher was known as the "Jewish Socrates" | Mendelsohn |
| Pascal and other critics saw this as an exceptionally carnal or sexually promiscuos religion because of its teaching that heaven was a place of sensuous delights | Islam |
| Secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe | The Encyclopedia |
| He published on Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied critical analysis to the problem of making punishments both effective and just | Marquis Cesare Beccaria |
| According to Smith's four-stage theory, human societies | move from barbarism to civilization |
| He contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature | Rousseau |
| The philosophes generally | advocated fundamental changes in the social condition of women |
| Monarchs such as Joseph II and Catharine II made 'enlightened" reforms as part of their drive to | do away with the nobility in their realms |
| This monarch embodies enlightened absolutism more than any other. He/shee forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy | Fredrick the Great |
| Monarchs associated with enlightend absolutism include all of the following (catherine II, Louis XVI, Maria Theresa, nad Frederick the Great) except | Joseph II |
| Joseph II of Austria | sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry |
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