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Which of the following is true of the scientific revolution? It was not rapid The scientific fact that the orbits of the planets are elliptical was discovered by Kepler He published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres and rejecte the notion of an earth-centered universe Nicolaus Copernicus In the early sixteenth century, the standard explanation of the place of the earth in the heavens combined to the works of Ptolemy and Aristotle Which of the following is true of Johannes Kepler he was a strict copernican He addressed the issue of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries: Isaac Newton Newton was a mathematical genius, but before he upheld a theory he though it should be tested to see if it was what he actually observed Although he invented analytical geometry, his most important contribution was to develop a scientific method that relied more on deduction - reasoning from general principal to arrive at specific facts René Descartes Descartes divided existing things into two categories, body and ... mind Hobbes saw human beings as self-centered, power-hungry creatures. In Locke's view, the relationship between rulers and the governed had as its foundation trust Maria Winklemann made her contributions in the field of astronomy The Catholic Church admitted that errors had occurred in the 1633 trial of Galileo in 1992 Which of the following groups was not a common target of the witch hunts noble women in the sixteenth century, midwifery was a trade often pursued by elderly or widowed women the two most important influences on Enlightenment thought were Locke and Newton This nation was significantly freer than any other European nation at the beginning of the Enlightenment England Philosphes criticized the Christian Church for all the following except taking too limited a role in national politics the two major points in the Deists' creed were the belief in an afterlife dependent upon one's earthly actions and the existence of a rational God The 18th century philosopher was known as the "Jewish Socrates" Mendelsohn Pascal and other critics saw this as an exceptionally carnal or sexually promiscuos religion because of its teaching that heaven was a place of sensuous delights Islam Secularized learning and spread Enlightenment ideas throughout Europe The Encyclopedia He published on Crimes and Punishments, in which he applied critical analysis to the problem of making punishments both effective and just Marquis Cesare Beccaria According to Smith's four-stage theory, human societies move from barbarism to civilization He contended that the process of civilization and the Enlightenment had corrupted human nature Rousseau The philosophes generally advocated fundamental changes in the social condition of women Monarchs such as Joseph II and Catharine II made 'enlightened" reforms as part of their drive to do away with the nobility in their realms This monarch embodies enlightened absolutism more than any other. He/shee forged a state that commanded the loyalty of the military, the junker nobility, the lutheran clergy, and a growing bureaucracy Fredrick the Great Monarchs associated with enlightend absolutism include all of the following (catherine II, Louis XVI, Maria Theresa, nad Frederick the Great) except Joseph II Joseph II of Austria sought to improve the productivity and social conditions of the peasantry