Flashcards: 22 Nationalism & Realism
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Created by:
HistoryofCrawford on December 13, 2010
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Joseph Lister | 19th century Englishman who showed that germs could be killed with carbolic acid. |
| Louis Pasteur | 19th century Frenchman who developed a method of destroying germs. Especially important to wine, dairy, & silk industries. |
| Robert Koch | 19th century German who determined diseases are caused by microbes. |
| Dictatorship of the proletariat | According to Marx, the time period of the initial overthrow of the capitalist bourgeoisie. |
| compromise of 1867 | Also called Dual Monarchy. Hungary acquired independence, but stayed with Austria. Minorities still mistreated. |
| Second Reich | Another name for the German Empire, created in a ceremony at Versailles in 1871. |
| Realism | Began replacing Romanticism by mid-19th century. Had more emphasis on normal people in real life and less emphasis on sentiment. |
| Camillo Cavour | Chief minister to Victor Emanuel. Responsible for industrialization of Sardinia and catalyst for creation of Kingdom of Italy. |
| North German Confederation | Created by Bismark after Austro-Prussian War to replace the German Confederation. Two houses - Bundesrat and Reichstag. |
| Florence Nightingale | Crimean War nurse who insisted on sanitation. Led to the development of nursing as a profession. |
| Zollverein | Customs union in the German Confederation. Adopted single tariff for all. Helped Germans create free trade and unite. |
| Auguste Comte | Developed scientific study of humans, including emphasis on gathering empirical data. |
| Queen Victoria | English Monarch who set the tone and attitude of her age, including a strong sense of moral respectability. |
| Crimean War (1853-56) | Fought over control of Black Sea and protection of shrines in Palestine. |
| Karl Marx (1818-1883) | German philosopher, responsible for Communist thinking. |
| William I | King of Prussia and first German Emperor. Also known as Kaiser Wilhelm I. |
| Victor Emanuel II | King of Sardinia, and later the first King of Italy. |
| Benjamin Disraeli | Leader of English Conservative Party. Led many reforms. Proponent of imperialism. |
| William Gladstone | Leader of English Liberal party who passed many social reform bills. |
| Red Shirts | Led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, these Italian independence fighters started in the Two Sicilies and moved north. Yielded to Cavour. |
| Ems telegram | Message to French officials from King William I of Prussia. Made insulting by Bismark. Led to Franco-Prussian War. |
| Otto von Bismarck | Prussian Chancellor who instigated wars and created the North German Confederation. Leadership led to creation of German Empire. |
| Communist Manifesto | Published in 1848, this political pamphlet was Marx's & Engles's first statement of their socialistic theories. |
| Zemstvos | Russian elected local assemblies responsible for schools, roads, & welfare. Created by Alexander II. |
| Alexander II | Russian Tsar who was committed to modernization. Freed many serfs. Killed by extremists who insisted on faster reforms. |
| Second napoleonic Era | Under Napoleon III, France had a period of prosperity and colonial expansion. |
| Franco-Prussion War (1870-71) | War that caused the collapse of the second French Empire and led to the German Empire. |
| Austro_Prussian War (1866) | War that led Austria to lose control of German Confederation (became North German Confederation). |
| Charles Darwin | Wrote "On the Origin of Species" and "Descent of Man." First to explain process of evolution. |
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