AP Psych Unit 1
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Created by:
mnussbaum93 on September 14, 2008
Classes:
AP Pyschology, AP Psychology (08-09)
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48 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 structuralism | even very complex experiments can be broken down into component parts of sensations and feeling |
| psychology | science of behavior and mental processes |
| biological perspective | emphasizes studying the physical bases of human and animal behavior |
| psychodynamic perspective | emphasizes importance of unconscious influences, early life experiences, and inter-personal relationships |
| behavioral perspective | perspective of psychology which says that psychology should focus on observable behaviors |
| humanistic perspective | focuses on the modivation of people to grow psychologically |
| cognitive perspective | psychology experienced a return to the study of mental processes influence behavior |
| cross-cultural perspective | study of diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries |
| social loafing | people work harder alone than when with a group |
| social psychology | the study of how we think about, influence, and relate to each other |
| attribution theory | how we explain someones behavior |
| fundamental attribution error | the tendency of viewers to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate impact of personal disposition |
| attitudes | feelings based on beliefs |
| foot-in-the-door phenomenon | a tendency for people who agree to a small action to comply later to a larger one |
| cognitive dissonance theory | we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent |
| chameleon effect | contagious behavior (ex. yawning, sneezing, looking up) |
| mood linkage | we are happier when around happier people |
| conformity | adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a groups standards |
| Solomon Asch | created idea of conformity (did experiment with college students sitting around a table and answering a question wrongly based on a groups ideas) |
| normative social influence | influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval /avoid disapproval |
| informational social influence | ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality |
| Stanley Milgrim | tested to see about commands and how people respond to it (the shock experiment) |
| social facilitiation | some people do better when performing in front of an audience |
| deindividuation | less self-conscious/self-restraint when in a group situation |
| group-polarization | occurs when people within a group discuss an idea that most of them either favor/oppose |
| groupthink | the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives |
| prejudice | attitude toward a group-usually cultural,ethnic, or gender |
| stereotypes | a generalized belief about a group of people |
| discrimination | negative behavior toward a group |
| ingroup | us, our group |
| outgroup | excluding "them" |
| ingroup bias | favoring of ones own group |
| scapegoat theory | prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone else to blame |
| just-world phenomenon | tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve, and deserve what they get |
| social traps | a situation in which the conflicting parties by each rationally pursuing their self-interest became caught in destructive behavior |
| mirror-image perceptions | as we see "them", as untrustworthy and evil intentioned- so "they" see us that way (vicious circle) |
| altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
| bystander effect | any bystander less likely to give aid to someone if lots of others are present |
| social exchange theory | our social behavior is an exchange process, aim to max benefits and minimize costs |
| recriprocity norm | expectation that we should return help to not harm those who help us |
| social-responsibility norm | an expectation that people will help those dependent on them |
| Philip Zimbardo | did the Stanford Prison experiment |
| stanford prison experiment | people were assigned to be guards and prisoners- people had to play their role, and there was no rules, and people by the end of the first day WERE their role |
| evolutionary perspective | application of the principles of evolution to explain psychological processes and phenomena |
| Edward Titchener | created idea of structuralism |
| Wilhelm Wundt | opened the first psychology lab |
| William James | created idea of functionalism |
| Functionalism | behavior functions to allow people and animals to adapt |
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