Volcanoes
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Viscosity | The Resistance of a liquid to flow |
| Pyroclastic Flow | A flow of hot gases, ash, cinders and bombs put off by an explosive eruption |
| Volcano | A weakspot in the crust where magma has come to the surface |
| Hot Spot Volcano | Material from the mantle rises close to the surface, melting through the crust. Can form a string of islands, for example Hawaii. |
| Lava | Magma that reaches the surface |
| Shield Volcanoes | A wide gently sloping mountain formed by layers of Low-Silica, fast and runny lava from quiet eruptions (Low Viscosity) |
| Where do volcanoes occur? | Diverging plate boundaries, Converging plate boundaries, and Hot Spots |
| Examples of diverging plate volcanoes | Mid Ocean Ridges and Rift Valleys |
| Converging plate volcanoes | Occur at subducting boundaries, and may form island arcs. Example: Japan and Caribbean |
| Composite Volcano | Tall cone-shaped mountain in which layers of lava alternate with layers of ash. |
| Pele's Hair | Wind-blown extremely thin lava with LOW viscosity |
| Parts of a volcano from bottom to top | Magma Chamber, Pipe, Vents (Top and /or sides), Crater |
| Caldera | Depression formed when magma chamber collapses from emptying of magmam usually from eruption |
| Pahoehoe | Fast moving hot lava with low viscosity |
| A'a' | Lava that is cooler, slower moving, with higher viscosity |
| Low Viscosity= | High Velocity |
| Physical property | Trait of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance |
| Chemical Property | Any property that produces a change in the composition of matter |
| Lahar | Pyroclastic Flow with more water than usual |
| Fumerole | Steam vent or hot spring |
| Source of heat or electricity production | Geothermal Heat |
| NonDuality | A Continuum of Degrees of a certain trait |
| Volcanic Neck | Forms when magma cools in a volcano's pipe |
| Volcanic Dike | Magma squeezed vertically or obliquely (diagonally) between rock layers and hardened |
| Volcanic Sill | Magma squeezed horizontally between rock layers |
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