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peninsulares in spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Spain creoles in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Latin America to Spanish parents mulattos persons of mixed european and african ancestry Simon Bolivar He was a general and fighter who tried to reunite the spanish colonies of South American upper Peru was named Bolivia in his honor Jose de San Martin An Argentian who helped to liberate Latin America from Spain Miguel Hidalgo preist who beleived in Enlightenment ideas and ordered rebellion against Spanish Jose Maria Morelos rebels were led by him and he fought for four years but was then defeated conservative In the first half of the 19th century a european ussualy a wealthy landowner or noble-who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchie in Europe liberal In the first half of the 19th century a european- ussualy a middle class buisness leader or merchant- who wanted to give more political power to elected parliments Radical In the first half of the 19th century those Europeans that favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people nationalism the belief that people should be loyal to their nation, the people with whom they share land, culture, and history nation - state an independent geopolitical unit of people having a common culture and identity the Balkans the region of southeastern Europe now occupied by Greece, Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, the European part of Turkey, and the former republics of Yugoslavia. Louis Napolean considered a strong ruler, he built railroads, encouraged industrialization and promoted publis works. nephew of napolean bonaparte Alexander 2 ruler in russia during time of reform; 'tsar liberator' because he ended serfdom Russification the process of forcing Russian culture on all ethnic groups in the Russian empire Camillo di Cavour prime minister of Sardinia in 1852 Giuseppe Garibaldi leader of rebels in May 1860 Junkers conservative members of Prussia's landowning class Otto Von Bismark conservative Junker who became prime minister Realpolitik "the politics of reality"—the practice of tough power politics without room for idealism. Kaiser a German emperor (from the roman title Caesar)