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Entrepreneurship working for oneself Floriculture CDE an FFA Career Development Event that allows for competition in the different aspects of floriculture Greenhouse a structure that is covered with a transparent material that allows sufficient sunlight to enter for the purpose of growing and maintaining plants Nursery/Landscape CDE an FFA Career Development Event that allows for competition in the different aspects of Nursery/Landscaping Placement working for someone else Proficiency Award an award for someone's SAE Accident an event that happens unexpectedly or unintentionally Hazard exposure to danger or harm Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) a sheet containing information about the safe use of a chemical and the steps to take in case of an accident Risk the chance that an accident might occur during a research project Safety a state of being free of danger and injury Anchor support posts side posts providing the main structural support for a greenhouse that are spaced at regular intervals and set in concrete footings Even span a basic style of greenhouse in which rafters are equal in length Glass a type of covering used in greenhouses; comes in several grades; allows greatest transmission of light Gothic arch basic style of greenhouse with a pointed arch; trusses have been eliminated Hotbed an outside propagation structure similar to a cold frame except electric or hot water thermostatically controlled heating is used Polyethylene a petroleum-based flexible plastic used for many purposes; greenhouses can be covered with this Purlins run the length of the structure and are attached to each truss, adding more structural strength Quonset basic style of greenhouse with curved roof with or without sidewalls Ridge and Furrow Greenhouse A ridge and furrow greenhouse is a structure that consists of a number of greenhouses connected along the length of the houses. The shared side walls create a large interior space. Rigid structured sheet a type of covering used in greenhouses commonly made of polycarbonate and acrylic; it is rigid and resistant to weathering Trusses composed of rafters, chords, and struts that support the roof Uneven span basic style of greenhouse in which rafters are of unequal length Ventilators moveable units of a greenhouse to allow for natural air flow Cold frame an outside propagation structure consisting of a wooden or concrete block frame with heat supplied by solar radiation through a glass or other transparent covering Energy curtains automated system utilizing fabrics to insulate the greenhouse at night Fan-and-pad cooling system a system in which large exhaust fans draw air through a moistened cellulose pad mounted on the opposite end of the structure Fan-tube ventilation fans bring in small amounts of cool outside air and mix it with the warm air Fertilizer injector system equipment used for the irrigation of plants with exact proportions of fertilizers obtained from a concentrate of water-fertilizer and water Fluorescent lighting cooler and more efficient that incandescent lights; have a wide range of wavelengths and long life Fog-evaporative cooling system fog is generated inside; as the minute fog droplets evaporate, heat is absorbed Forced air-heaters localized heater units that force hot air directly into a duct system High Intensity Discharge (HID) lighting system efficient and effective supplemental lighting system Hose watering manual watering of plants Hot water heat water is heated in a boiler and pumped through pipes Incandescent lighting inefficient and gives off primarily infra-red wavelengths; often used for photoperiod control Infrared radiant heaters individual heater units that produce infrared radiation Intermittent mist system watering method; tiny droplets delivered periodically keep plants moist Natural ventilation air is exchanged through open ridge and side vents and controlled by thermostats Overhead watering water is applied over the canopy of the plants with spray nozzles Perimeter irrigation watering around the outside of a flower bed Shade curtains automated system utilizing fabrics to block light from reaching crops Short-day curtains automated system utilizing fabrics to insulate the greenhouse at night Soaker hose system water is applied to the growing medium by slowly saturating the medium Capillary mat system a form of sub-irrigation in which potted plants are set on a moist synthetic mat and water moves upward through the drain holes into the growing medium by wick action Steam heat water heated to a boil and steam travels through pipes in the greenhouse Tube irrigation water is carried to each pot by a microtube; foliage is not wet in this process Bark used as a substitute for peat moss or in combination with peat; aged hardwood or pine is best Damping off a fungal disease that causes the stems to rot off at the soil line Dormancy the phase in the life cycle of a plant when growth is slowed or inactive Germination the resumption of growth by a seed embryo; occurs when the embryonic root emerges from the seed coat Liners small branched plants sold to growers Peat moss a moss plant that grows on peat bogs, such as sphagnum or polytrichum Perlite a heat-treated lava rock that is lightweight with low nutrient and moisture holding capacity Plugs small plants grown in a small amount of media in divided trays Propagation the reproduction of plants Sand used to increase aeration and drainage Scarification breaking or softening a seed coat to allow absorption of moisture Sexual reproduction using seeds Stratification placing seeds in a moist soil medium at a temperature between 3 degrees and 50 degrees for a certain period of time Transplanting transferring or moving seedlings from the seedbed and setting them into the ground Vermiculite heat-treated mica that is lightweight and has high nutrient and moisture holding content Air layering a type of layering in which the stem is girdled, the cut is dusted in rooting hormone, and the dusted cut is covered with moss Asexual process of reproducing plants without seeds (also called vegetative) Cloning genetically generating offspring from nonsexual tissue Crown part of the plant that enters the soil Cutting vegetative plant part that regenerates roots and forms new plants Disinfectant a material that destroys infective agents such as bacteria and viruses Division a method of vegetative propagation involving separation of a plant into two or more pieces, each containing a portion of the roots and crown Girdling (wounding) restricts the function of the xylem or phloem of a dicot plant Grafting implanting a branch or bud from one plant onto another Growth regulator a substance that influences plant growth Layering propagation method in which roots form on the stem of the plant while it is still attached to the parent plant Leaf bud cutting a cutting that includes a short section of stem with a leaf attached Leaf cutting a cutting made from a leaf and its attached petiole Propagation the process of increasing the numbers of a species Root cutting a cutting made from sections of roots Stem cutting a cutting made from short pieces of thickened leafless stems containing at least one node Stock plant a plant from which cuttings or meristems are obtained for propagation Tissue culture plant reproduction using very small, actively growing plant parts under sterile conditions and medium Vegetative a method of reproduction that involves plant parts other than the reproductive ones Biological control is the use of living organisms to reduce pest populations. These beneficial organisms are natural enemies of pests. or infect their pest hosts. Chemical control is the use of pesticides to reduce pest populations. Cultural control is used to make the crop environment unsuitable for pests to feed, live, or reproduce, and to improve the health of the crop. Fungicide a material used to destroy fungi or protect plants against their attack Herbicide a substance that kill weeds Insecticide a material used to kill insects or protect against their attacks Integrated pest management an ecologically based approach to controlling plant pests LD factor lethal dose factor Miticide a chemical used to control mites Nematocide a chemical used to control nematodes Pest an unwanted plant or animal Pesticide a chemical used to control pests Toxicity a measurement of how poisonous a chemical is Bulbs short, flattened stems that bear fleshy food storage leaves; examples of bulbs include tulip and narcissus Center bud removal method of disbudding that involves the pinching off of the most terminal flower bud Corm a short, swollen, underground stem; crocus and gladiolas are corms Day neutral plant plants unaffected by day length DIF the mathematical difference between the day temperature and the night temperature Disbudding the removal of flower buds to improve the overall quality of the plants Forcing a term used to describe practices that get bulbs to grow and produce flowers Long-day plant plants that flower as days lengthen in the summer Photoperiodism a plant's response to light duration Pinching removal of the apical meristem; a common practice used to produce bushy, well-branched crops Short-day plant plants that will begin to flower naturally in the fall when the day lengths get shorter Thermoperiodism term used to describe a temperature requirement that produces a plant response Tuber an underground stem that lacks a dry leaf covering and basal plate Vernalization a physiological process whereby a period of cold temperature is required for flowering Potted flowering plants plants grown in pots for their showy flowers; some popular potted flowering plants are poinsettias, chrysanthemums, cyclamen, and africanviolets Bedding plants herbaceous, annual flowers and vegetables that lack the ability to survive freezing temperatures; bedding plants include impatiens, petunias, marigolds, tomatoes, and many other plants. Foliage plants tropical and subtropical plants grown for their leaves rather than for their flowers and selected for their ability to be grown indoors; they are also called houseplants Broker a person who buys greenhouse plants and supplies and sells them to wholesalers and retailers Consumer a person who buys Markup the difference in the amount an object costs to produce and the price for which it is sold Producer the person who grows a plant for sale Retailer a person or store that sells directly to the consumer Seasonal market a market that is affected by weather, time of year, or holidays Wholesaler a person who sells to a retailer