Chapter 17
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15 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Transcription | The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template. |
| mRNA | A type of RNA, syntesized from DAN, that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein. |
| RNA Polymerase | An enzyme that links together the growing chain of ribonucleotides during transcription. |
| Template Strand | The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript. |
| Promoter | A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and indicates where to start transcribing RNA. |
| Terminator | A special sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene. |
| Transcription Factors | A regulartory protein that binds to DNA and stimulates transcription of specific genes. |
| TATA Box | A promoter DNA sequence crucial in forming the transcription initiating complex. |
| 5' Cap and Poly A Tail | The modified end of the 3' end of an mRNA molecule consisting of the addition of some 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides. |
| Introns | A noncoding, intervening sequence within a eukaryotic gene. |
| Exons | A codin region of a eukaryotic gene. |
| rRNA | The most abudant type of RNA, which together with proteins, forms the structure of ribosomes. |
| Point Mutations | A change in a gene at a single nucleotide pair. |
| Missense Mutations | The most common type of mutation, a base-pair substitution in which the new codon makes sense in that it still codes for an amino acid. |
| Nonsense Mutations | A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein. |
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