FORENSIC MIDTERM
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Created by:
ebtwilight on December 13, 2010
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63 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals | 2. The judicial case that set forth the current guidelines for determining the admissibility of scientific examinations in the federal courts is |
| general acceptance of scientific principles | The case of Frye v. United States deals with the legal issue of |
| edmund locard | One of the earliest crime laboratories was founded by |
| polygraph examination | The following service does not normally lie within the expertise of the forensic scientist |
| all of the above | The effectiveness of an expert's testimony is almost always dependent on the |
| all of the above | The obligation to maintain the integrity of evidence belongs to which of the following |
| way the evidence is collected and presented for examination | The relative evidential value of laboratory test results is almost always dependent on the |
| nature of the evidence | The manner of collecting and preserving physical evidence at a crime scene is determined by the |
| all of the above | Physical evidence may be obtained from the |
| bloodstained clothing | All of the following items may be placed in an airtight container except |
| determining the natural cariations that exist in physical evidence | The evidence collector is not concerned with |
| spiral | Which of the following search patterns can be performed effectively by one person |
| exonerate an innocent suspect | Evidence having class characteristics can |
| individual | If the laboratory can piece broken glass from a window or headlight together, then the evidence has ______________ characteristics |
| whether or not they have a common origin | A comparison analysis subjects a suspect specimen and a control specimen to the same tests and examinations for the ultimate purpose of determining |
| this method will definitely demonstrate common origin when a match is made | The "jigsaw fit" of known and questioned fragments is important for court presentation primarily because |
| CODIS | The computerized database used to store DNA information is |
| all of the above | Physical evidence that can be used to aid in a crime scene reconstruct-tion includes |
| algor mortis | The process by which the body temperature cools after death is known as |
| all of the above | Which of the following techniques can be used to estimate the time of death |
| the jury | Who ultimately determines the significance of physical evidence in a trial |
| 2.54 | One inch is equivalent to how many centimeters |
| 100 celsius | Water boils at |
| color change in the presence of another chemical substance | Which of the following is not a physical property of a substance |
| weight per unit volume | Density is defined as |
| less than | A piece of glass is immersed in a liquid. It proceeds to float on the liquid's surface. This shows that the density of the glass is _____________ the density of the liquid |
| refractive index and density | The two most important physical properties of glass for forensic comparisons are |
| the exit side of the glass | The larger opening of a crater-shaped hole in glass made by the penetration of a projectile indicates |
| refractive index and density | If glass cannot be physically pieced together, then the control and question glass are best compared as to their |
| radial and concentric lines | The fracture pattern of glass usually has |
| parallel to the side on which the force was applied | Stress marks on the edge of a radial crack near the point of impact are |
| any given substance | Refractive index measures the speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in |
| physical evidence | A crime can sometimes accurately be reconstructed solely on the presence or absence of |
| CODIS | A database application to DNA profiling is |
| IAFIS | A fingerprint can be positively identified through the database |
| practical limits | Modern analytical techniques have become so sensitive that the forensic examiner must be aware of the _ among materials when interpreting the significance of comparative data |
| distinction | The _ between individual and class evidence not is always easy to make. |
| exonerate | Physical evidence can be used to exclude or _ a person from suspicion of committing a crime |
| identification | The process of _ determines a substance's physical or chemical identity with as near absolute certainty as existing analytical techniques |
| exclude | The number and type of tests needed to identify a substance must be sufficient to _ all other substances from consideration |
| comparative | A(n) _ analysis subjects a suspect and a standard/ reference specimen to the same tests |
| weight | The _ accorded physical evidence during a trial is left entirely to the tier of fact. |
| probability | _ is the frequency of occurrence of an event |
| individual | Evidence that can be traced to a common source with an extremely high degree of probability is said to possess _ characteristics |
| class | Evidence associated with a group and not a single source is said to possess _ characteristics |
| albert osborne | Early efforts at applying scientific principles to document examinations are associated with this person |
| expert witness | In the courtroom, the person with specialized skills or knowledge that can determine the truth of a matter |
| autopsy | The medical dissection and examination of a body to determine the cause of death is called this |
| locard's principle | Describes the cross transfer of materials between objects |
| coroner | The title of person that can carry out the procedure in number 48. |
| forensic engineer | Expert that are concerned with failure analysis, accident reconstructionists, and the causes of fire or explosions |
| forensic science | application of science to law describes __ |
| alphonse bertillion | A system of personal identification using a series of body measurements was developed by __ |
| francis galton | The scientist that devised the first definitive way to analyze/classify fingerprints was named ____ |
| CSI | The name of the unit that is dispatched to retrieve evidence for lab analysis is ____ |
| entomology | The study of insects and their relation to a criminal investigation is called __ |
| odontology | In _ scientists can use the characteristics of teeth, their alignment, and the overall structure of the mouth to identify a body left in an unrecognizable state |
| toxicology | _ The unit that examines body fluid for the presence or absence of poisons or drugs |
| unaltered | The most important prerequisite for photographing a crime scene is to have is in a(n) ____ condition. |
| separate | Each item collected at the crime scene must be placed in a ____container. |
| airtight | An ___ container is not recommended packing material for blood stained garments |
| physical evidence | The term ___ encompasses all objects that can establish whether a crime has been committed or can link a crime and its victim or its perpetrator. |
| corroborate | The value of class physical evidence lies in the ability lies to _ events with data in a manner that is, as nearly as possible, free of human error and bias. |
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